Joe Gilboy PA-C Archives | The Audio PANCE and PANRE http://podcast.thepalife.com/category/podcast/joe-gilboy-pa-c/ Physician Assistant Board Review Podcast Tue, 20 Sep 2022 22:38:48 +0000 en-US hourly 1 http://podcast.thepalife.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/cropped-The-Audio-PANCE-and-PANRE-512x512-32x32.jpg Joe Gilboy PA-C Archives | The Audio PANCE and PANRE http://podcast.thepalife.com/category/podcast/joe-gilboy-pa-c/ 32 32 The Audio PANCE and PANRE is an audio Board and Rotation Review Series that includes ten Multiple Choice PANCE and PANRE Board Review Questions in Each Episode. Now you can study for your PANCE, PANRE, and End or Rotation Exams in the gym, in the car, on a run, or while relaxing on the beach. This free series is limited to every other episode. To download the complete series join Smarty PANCE at https://smartypance.com/sign-up/ The Physician Assistant Life | Smarty PANCE clean The Physician Assistant Life | Smarty PANCE The PA Life, INC The PA Life, INC podcast Multiple Choice Physician Assistant Board and Rotation Review Questions on the Go - Listen and Learn Joe Gilboy PA-C Archives | The Audio PANCE and PANRE http://podcast.thepalife.com/wp-content/uploads/powerpress/THE_AUDIO_PANCE_AND_PANRE_ACADEMY_PODCAST.png http://podcast.thepalife.com/category/podcast/joe-gilboy-pa-c/ TV-G c9c7bad3-4712-514e-9ebd-d1e208fa1b76 78572745 Podcast Episode 100: Atrial Fibrillation for the PANCE and PANRE http://podcast.thepalife.com/episode-100/ Tue, 20 Sep 2022 18:15:06 +0000 http://podcast.thepalife.com/?p=523 Welcome to episode one hundred of the Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant/Associate Board Review Podcast. Join me today as we cover atrial fibrillation for the PANCE, PANRE, and EOR™ exams. Special from today’s episode: Join the Smarty PANCE Member’s Community then sign up for the Sunday Funday Study Group. Once you have signed up, […]

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Welcome to episode one hundred of the Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant/Associate Board Review Podcast.

Join me today as we cover atrial fibrillation for the PANCE, PANRE, and EOR™ exams.

Special from today’s episode:

Below you will find the audio of today’s podcast.

The Audio PANCE/PANRE and EOR PA Board Review Podcast

I hope you enjoy this free audio component to the examination portion of this site. The full board review course includes over 2,000 interactive board review questions and is available to all members of Smarty PANCE.

Listen to Podcast Episode 100: Atrial Fibrillation for the PANCE and PANRE

If you can’t see the audio player, click here to listen to the full episode.

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Welcome to episode one hundred of the Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant/Associate Board Review Podcast. Join me today as we cover atrial fibrillation for the PANCE, PANRE, and EOR™ exams. Special from today’s episode: Join the Smarty PANCE Memb... Welcome to episode one hundred of the Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant/Associate Board Review Podcast.
Join me today as we cover atrial fibrillation for the PANCE, PANRE, and EOR™ exams.
Special from today’s episode:

* Join the Smarty PANCE Member’s Community then sign up for the Sunday Funday Study Group. Once you have signed up, you can access the Webinar replay of this episode here
* Check out our updated End of Curriculum™ (EOC) Exam Course (now with orthopedics!)
* Sign up for the Entire Blueprint email series
* Follow Smarty PANCE and The Daily PANCE Blueprint on Instagram
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Below you will find the audio of today’s podcast.
The Audio PANCE/PANRE and EOR PA Board Review Podcast
I hope you enjoy this free audio component to the examination portion of this site. The full board review course includes over 2,000 interactive board review questions and is available to all members of Smarty PANCE.

* You can download and listen to past FREE episodes here, on iTunes, Spotify, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, and most podcasting apps.
* You can listen to all the latest episodes, take interactive quizzes, and download more resources on each episode page.

Listen to Podcast Episode 100: Atrial Fibrillation for the PANCE and PANRE
If you can’t see the audio player, click here to listen to the full episode.
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The Physician Assistant Life | Smarty PANCE full 59:06 523
Podcast Episode 94: Murmurs Made Incredibly Easy (Part 4 of 5) – Tricuspid Stenosis http://podcast.thepalife.com/podcast-episode-94-murmurs-made-incredibly-easy-part-4-of-5-tricuspid-stenosis/ Wed, 16 Feb 2022 10:00:52 +0000 http://podcast.thepalife.com/?p=469 Welcome to episode 94 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA board review podcast. Today is part four of this fabulous five-part series with Joe Gilboy PA-C, all about cardiac murmurs. In this week’s episode of the Audio PANCE and PANRE podcast, we continue our discussion of cardiac murmurs with a focus on the tricuspid […]

The post Podcast Episode 94: Murmurs Made Incredibly Easy (Part 4 of 5) – Tricuspid Stenosis appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

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Murmurs Made Incredibly Easy - Tricuspid Stenosis

Welcome to episode 94 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA board review podcast.

Today is part four of this fabulous five-part series with Joe Gilboy PA-C, all about cardiac murmurs. In this week’s episode of the Audio PANCE and PANRE podcast, we continue our discussion of cardiac murmurs with a focus on the tricuspid valve.

We’ll cover the ins and outs of tricuspid valve stenosis and learn how to identify it and differentiate it from other types of murmurs.

If you haven’t already, make sure to listen to our previous podcast episode where we covered aortic valve murmurs and mitral valve murmurs, and pulmonic valve murmurs.

The Tricuspid Valve

Tricuspid Valve - right atrioventricular valve

The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is a one-way valve that sits between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart. It is essential for right ventricular filling and for preventing the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts during systole.

When functioning properly, the tricuspid valve is a passive structure that opens and closes in response to the pressure of the blood flowing through the heart.

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava. The tricuspid valve which separates the right atrium from the right ventricle opens during ventricular diastole, allowing the deoxygenated blood to flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle, and closes during ventricular systole preventing the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium as the right ventricle contracts to pump blood into the lungs out through the pulmonary artery.

Tricuspid Valve Stenosis

Tricuspid stenosis is a narrowing of the tricuspid valve or one of its three leaflets.

If the tricuspid valve is narrowed or stenotic, it will not open properly during diastole, increasing the volume of blood in the right atrium. When the right ventricle contracts the stiffened tricuspid valve also fails to close completely and tricuspid regurgitation develops.

Nearly all cases are caused by rheumatic fever.

Podcast Episode 94: Murmurs Made Incredibly Easy (Part 4 of 5) – Tricuspid Valve Stenosis

Below is a transcription of this podcast episode edited for clarity.

Welcome everybody, this is Joe Gilboy PA-C and I work with Stephen Pasquini at Smarty PANCE. Today, we will continue this series on heart murmurs. Today’s topic is tricuspid stenosis.

So, sit back, listen to my voice, and try not to take notes. Don’t do anything other than just listen and follow my logic. I promise you, when this is all said and done, you’ll be looking at heart murmurs and more specifically, tricuspid stenosis in a vastly different light. I want you to view the tricuspid valve. Just think about it. There you are the right atria. The tricuspid valve opens during diastole and closes during systole.

There’s all your blood in the right ventricle, and it goes out through the pulmonary valve to get oxygenated out in the lungs.

So now, I want you to think about this for a second. I have a tricuspid valve that is stenotic. It’s stiff and hard to open.

When are you going to have problems opening this valve? During diastole? Or during systole?

You are going to have problems with this during diastole because that’s when the tricuspid valve is supposed to open up. Because it’s supposed to be closed during systole.

So, it’s a diastolic murmur, it’s considered a mid-diastolic murmur.

Now give this some more thought. Okay, so you’re in the right atria – Is it easier or harder to push through this stenotic valve?

Oh, it’s a lot harder. And so, where’s the blood flow going to back up to? Into the right atrium and now that right atrium, it’s going to have all this increased pressure going into it. So now what are you going to get? You are going to get right atrial enlargement!

Here is another question – If the right atrium is having a tough time pushing blood through the stenotic valve then where’s this extra blood going to back up to? The right side of the body. Exactly! So, I’m going to have JVD and I’m going to get pedal edema? You are going to get right-sided heart failure with tricuspid stenosis.

Can I ask another question? How’s your blood flow to your right ventricle? It is diminished. Well, then how’s your blood flow to the pulmonary area? That’s diminished! How’s your oxygenation? That’s also diminished. So how are you feeling? I’m short of breath. Exactly. And you are short of breath not because you’re in heart failure. You’re short of breath because you’re just not getting blood to oxygenate. Exactly.

So, tricuspid stenosis is on the right side. One more time – Inspiration right. Expiration left. Inspiration right. Expiration left that if you didn’t get it the first two times. Let’s try the third time. Inspiration right. Expiration left.

Hi, I’m tricuspid stenosis, which side of the heart am I on the right or left? I’m on the right. So, tricuspid stenosis is going to sound louder with inspiration. Exactly.

What’s the party maneuver where all the blood flow comes back home and everybody’s just partying as you get more blood flow back home – squatting. What else could make tricuspid stenosis sound louder? Squatting! Exactly!

Squatting is a high-volume maneuver and will make the murmur of tricuspid stenosis sound louder. 

What are my low-volume maneuvers? What are the maneuvers that take blood out of my heart? Standing in Valsalva!

So, what would make tricuspid stenosis go away? Standing and Valsalva are low volume maneuvers and will decrease the sound of tricuspid valve stenosis.

So, I have a right-sided heart murmur. It’s diastolic and is considered mid-diastolic. Where am I going to put my stethoscope?

You see, there’s only one thing on the right – that’s the aortic valve at the right second intercostal space, right that we all memorized in school. So, everybody’s on the left.

The left upper sternal space – that’d be pulmonic. But what is on the left – everybody else?

So hi, you’re the tricuspid valve, where are you? I’m on the left… Exactly! You’re going to be on the left at the lower sternal border.

So now I have this mid-diastolic murmur. Left sternal border that sounds louder with inspiration => goes away with expiration => left. It’s going to sound louder with squatting and is going to go away with standing and Valsalva – these are my low volume maneuvers.

And how did you get this? Usually, the most common cause of tricuspid stenosis is rheumatic fever, is it not?

So now, let’s pull back, and let’s look at this from 30,000 feet.

  • I’ve got a stenotic valve over there on the right side. Who is it? It’s the tricuspid valve.
  • Where’s the blood flow back going back up to? The right atria.
  • What’s the right atrium going to do? It’s going to hypertrophy and I’m going to get right atrial enlargement.
  • Where’s the blood going to go next? Outside to the body. And what do you get? Symptoms that look like right-sided heart failure.
  • Are you overloading your lungs? No. Did you get any CHF over there on the left? None.
  • How’s your oxygenation? It’s poor because everything’s backed up on the right. It’s not backed up on the left.
  • Inspiration right and expiration left? The tricuspid valve is on the right so tricuspid stenosis is going to sound louder with inspiration.
  • What else can make the murmur sound louder? I could party which happens when I squat – so the murmur of tricuspid stenosis gets louder with squatting.
  • What will make the murmur of tricuspid stenosis go away? My low-volume maneuvers standing, and Valsalva will decrease the murmurs of tricuspid stenosis. 
  • How did I get tricuspid stenosis? I got tricuspid stenosis through rheumatic fever.
  • Where am I going to put my stethoscope to listen to the murmur of tricuspid stenosis? Everybody’s on the left sternal border Joe, everybody’s here. The only thing that’s on the left upper sternal border is the pulmonic valve and the only thing on the right is the aortic valve. So, the murmur of tricuspid stenosis is going to be on the left lower sternal border
  • How do we treat tricuspid stenosis? We like to keep the volume low because we don’t want the blood to back up. Therefore, we use diuretics sometimes we’ll also add sodium restriction to a patient’s diet.
  • This is a stenotic valve so it’s harder to open. So, with tricuspid stenosis, we are going to get that opening snap, just like mitral stenosis

Closing thoughts

When you get to the boards (on your PANCE or PANRE) I want you to forget about brute memorization and all these buzzwords.

Just pull back and try to make sense of this from a laminar flow physics point of view.  If you do it this way, you’ll always do great.

In the real world when we hear a heart murmur what’s the first thing we do? We order an echocardiogram to figure it out. But what I’m really trying to get you ready for is your boards.

So, on the boards, they give you a patient with a murmur at the left sternal border murmur and they’re going to talk about how it gets louder with inspiration, which means okay, it’s going to be on the right.

Or they say the murmur gets louder with expiration so it’s going to be on the left.

I want you to start viewing it this way. Not the way that you memorized it in school with all the PowerPoints and all the other mnemonics. I’ve seen every mnemonic known to man in my 30 years of teaching, so I don’t want to go down that rabbit hole.

So now that we understand the physics hopefully this makes more sense and I hope this helps you better understand the murmur of tricuspid stenosis better.

And next week, what are we going to do guys? Oh is going to be tricuspid regurgitation. And don’t worry about the following week. Oh, that’s going to be a fun day. That’s when I start asking you test questions and we start trying to pull this all together.

So once again, it’s an honor. It’s an absolute pleasure to speak to all of you. Be safe out there, be healthy, and most importantly take care of yourself. I will talk to you soon.

Joe Gilboy PA-C


This episode was transcribed for your reading pleasure by Stephen Pasquini PA-C

Why is it all in there

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You can download and listen to past FREE episodes here, on iTunes, Spotify, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, Amazon Music, and all podcasting apps.

Download the Interactive Content Blueprint Checklist

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Print it up and start crossing out the topics you understand, marking the ones you don’t, and making notes of key terms you should remember. The PDF version is interactive and linked directly to the individual lessons on Smarty PANCE.

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Welcome to episode 94 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA board review podcast. Today is part four of this fabulous five-part series with Joe Gilboy PA-C, all about cardiac murmurs. In this week’s episode of the Audio PANCE and PANRE podcast,



Welcome to episode 94 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA board review podcast.



Today is part four of this fabulous five-part series with Joe Gilboy PA-C, all about cardiac murmurs. In this week’s episode of the Audio PANCE and PANRE podcast, we continue our discussion of cardiac murmurs with a focus on the tricuspid valve.



We’ll cover the ins and outs of tricuspid valve stenosis and learn how to identify it and differentiate it from other types of murmurs.



If you haven’t already, make sure to listen to our previous podcast episode where we covered aortic valve murmurs and mitral valve murmurs, and pulmonic valve murmurs.



The Tricuspid Valve







The tricuspid valve, or right atrioventricular valve, is a one-way valve that sits between the right atrium and right ventricle of the heart. It is essential for right ventricular filling and for preventing the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts during systole.



When functioning properly, the tricuspid valve is a passive structure that opens and closes in response to the pressure of the blood flowing through the heart.



The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava. The tricuspid valve which separates the right atrium from the right ventricle opens during ventricular diastole, allowing the deoxygenated blood to flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle, and closes during ventricular systole preventing the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium as the right ventricle contracts to pump blood into the lungs out through the pulmonary artery.



Tricuspid Valve Stenosis



Tricuspid stenosis is a narrowing of the tricuspid valve or one of its three leaflets.



If the tricuspid valve is narrowed or stenotic, it will not open properly during diastole, increasing the volume of blood in the right atrium. When the right ventricle contracts the stiffened tricuspid valve also fails to close completely and tricuspid regurgitation develops.



Nearly all cases are caused by rheumatic fever.



Podcast Episode 94: Murmurs Made Incredibly Easy (Part 4 of 5) – Tricuspid Valve Stenosis





Below is a transcription of this podcast episode edited for clarity.



* You can download and listen to past FREE episodes here, on iTunes, Spotify, Go...]]>
The Physician Assistant Life | Smarty PANCE full 18:57 469
Podcast Episode 91: Cardiac Murmurs Made Easy Part 1 of 5 – Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation http://podcast.thepalife.com/podcast-episode-91-cardiac-murmurs-made-easy-part-1-of-5-aortic-stenosis-and-regurgitation/ Wed, 01 Dec 2021 10:30:00 +0000 http://podcast.thepalife.com/?p=433 Welcome to episode 91 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant/Associate Board Review Podcast. Today is part one of an extraordinary five-part series with Joe Gilboy PA-C, all about cardiac murmurs. It’s time to throw away everything you have ever learned that made you hate cardiac murmurs (you know those crazy line diagrams) and […]

The post Podcast Episode 91: Cardiac Murmurs Made Easy Part 1 of 5 – Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

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Welcome to episode 91 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant/Associate Board Review Podcast.

Today is part one of an extraordinary five-part series with Joe Gilboy PA-C, all about cardiac murmurs.

It’s time to throw away everything you have ever learned that made you hate cardiac murmurs (you know those crazy line diagrams) and let Joe hard-wire your brain for success.

I promise you that by the end of this podcast, you will no longer be afraid of murmurs, but you will welcome them into your brain with a whole heart, open arms, and the need to share this podcast with all your classmates.

Below is a transcription of this podcast episode slightly edited for clarity.

Welcome, everybody. This is Joe Gilboy PA-C, and today is part one of a five-part series on the two most dreaded words that every pa student and recert PA hates. Are you ready for the two words?

Heart murmurs!

Today we’re going to start talking about heart murmurs, and we are going to break this down into a five-part series:

  1. The first part is going to be on the aortic valve (today’s episode)
  2. The second part will cover the mitral valve
  3. The third will be all about the pulmonic valve
  4. The fourth part will be about the tricuspid valve
  5. And then, in the fifth part of this series, we’re going to wrap this all together

We’re going to cover each valve one at a time. We will look at it and try to really make sense of it all.

Because I know what you did in PA school, you had that little diagram that you made, you know, systolic or diastolic murmurs. You’ve memorized certain things. And then you get to that test question, and you’re completely clueless on it, you’re like, “I have no idea what they just said, Joe, I have no idea.”

And then you’re back to scrambling, looking for some word that’s going to trigger you. And that’s the key point- all the trigger words, all those high-value trigger words, they’re gone. That’s what the creators of the PANCE did about two to three years ago. They took all the trigger words out.

Key point:

  • Don’t rely on keywords (trigger words) for your PANCE because they’re gone!

So now, let’s look at this differently. You did it your way. How did it work out? Probably not so well. So, guess what, we’re going to do it my way. And that’s what I want to do here.

Let’s start with the aortic valve.

So, think about it for a second. I want you to picture the aortic valve.

Opening during systole, closing during diastole. That’s really what it’s supposed to do.

Go ahead and picture that in your head. And for those who are in a safe place, close your eyes because it makes more sense.

The valve is going to be open during systole and is going to be closed during diastole.

Now, who gets fed right after the aortic valve? Well, that’d be the coronary arteries.

If I’m lacking blood flow to my coronary arteries, how’s that feel? I’ve got chest pain.

What’s the second thing that gets fed after the aortic valve? Well, that’d be my internal and external carotid arteries.

If I lack blood flow to my internal or external carotids, how will I feel? Lightheaded with syncope and dizziness.

Where does blood flow third? That would be my left subclavian artery, and if I lack blood flow, then I get left arm pain. And then, of course, everything down south after that.

Aortic Stenosis

Okay, so let’s start with the first one—aortic stenosis.

So, think about this for a second. Stop memorizing. Start thinking. I have this stenotic aortic valve, and it can’t open up. So that’s my question to you. When are you going to have problems with this valve? During systole or diastole?

It is supposed to open during systole. And it won’t. It’s too stenotic.

The aortic valve is supposed to be closed during diastole, and it will close. Oh, then I see your point, then that is a systolic murmur. Right? Aortic stenosis is a systolic murmur!

Where’s the aortic valve located? The right second intercostal space. And where does it radiate to? The neck.

I want you to understand something. Who’s got to work harder to push against this stenotic aortic valve. Who’s got to work harder to open the door? It’s the left ventricle.

Okay, you’re the body. Are you going to take this, or are you going to fight back? I’m going to fight back a little bit, Joe.

So, what’s going to happen to the left ventricle? The left ventricle is going to hypertrophy.

And then go and stretch and stretch and stretch and stretch and stretch and stretch and stretch that left ventricle and you’re going to rupture the wires in there. And you’re going to get left bundle branch block.

And for those of you thinking, ahead of the game, will right ventricular hypertrophy, unopposed cause right bundle branch block? The answer is yes.

Back to aortic stenosis – I see the left ventricular hypertrophy because it’s backing up. I can even see the left bundle branch block. That makes sense.

So, aortic stenosis is a systolic ejection murmur. Oh, I see it because it’s supposed to be open during systole. But it’s a tight valve, and it won’t open up. I get it!

Let’s go one step further. It’s the most commonly acquired valvular stenosis, and usually, it’s congenital or from a bicuspid valve. But that’s not what they’re going to ask. That’s too easy. So, how would aortic stenosis present? That’s the right question.

Let’s say you have a stenotic aortic valve; it’s not opening during systole. “Hi, I have aortic stenosis, and I’m walking through Costco.”

So, you are walking through Costco, looking at the Christmas decorations or whatever they have. And how is your valve? Is it opening up? Yes, or no? No, it’s not Joe. And are you demanding more of it? You’re walking through Costco. How’s the blood flow to your coronary arteries? Oh, it’s diminished. Exactly.

Then I get chest pain with exertion – exactly. I could be walking up steps – and that’s the test question you see rear its ugly head – it’s going about the person with chest pain who’s walking up steps or exerting himself.

And then how’s your blood flow to your head? I get lightheaded and dizzy because of a lack of blood flow there. Get it? Do you see this picture?

I have this murmur in the right second intercostal space. It’s going to be systolic. The person is going to complain of chest pain and lightheadedness, and dizziness with exertion.

I can see the left ventricular hypertrophy. I can even see the left bundle branch block. Oh, that all fits.

So, they have chest pain. What do you give them? What do you give to people with chest pain? You give nitroglycerin.

And now the question is this. Well, what’s nitroglycerin? It’s a vasodilator. Where does it vasodilate? Everywhere. That’s right. I always love how people treat nitroglycerin like it’s intelligent, but it’s not. Nitroglycerin is going to vasodilate everywhere – including the left ventricle.

Wait for a second, hold on here. You just vasodilated my left ventricle, and I can’t get through the valve. Then the blood flow to my valve is not increased, but it’s decreased. And now you have less blood flow through that stenotic aortic valve. How’s your blood through the coronary arteries and in your internal and external carotids? It is incredibly diminished.

And what happens to these patients with aortic stenosis who are treated with nitroglycerine? They get syncope. See it now? It makes sense, doesn’t it?

Now, I have this systolic ejection murmur. It’s going to radiate to my neck because that’s how it’s pointing, and it’s going to be in that right second intercostal space.

Inspiration, expiration, squatting, standing, and handgrip

And now comes the questions about inspiration, expiration, squatting, standing, and handgrip! You’re like, I just can’t believe you’re going there, Joe. Yes, we’re going there. But we’re doing it my way, which is a lot more fun.

So now let’s think about this. I want you to imagine that S1 is a date with the mitral and tricuspid valve.

So, there they are, a cute little couple, the mitral and tricuspid valve come together, and they’re the S1. And now I want you to imagine S2 as a date between the aortic and pulmonic valve so S2 is the combination of the two sounds, and S1 is a combination of the two sounds.

Key points:

  • S1 is a combination of the mitral and tricuspid valve
  • S2 is a combination of the pulmonic and aortic valve

Okay. Imagine I have aortic stenosis – does my valve take shorter or longer to open up? It’s taking longer to open up.

Your pulmonic valve opened on time, but your aortic valve is late to the date!

That’s right. You took longer to get ready to open up. So, guess what happens to my S2 – It becomes split.

So, you see, a split means that someone’s late to the date. Now I need more information to figure out whether it’s pulmonic stenosis or aortic stenosis.

Key point:

  • Both aortic and pulmonic stenosis causes a split S2
  • If I have a split S2, someone is late to the date
  • Is it pulmonic or aortic? I need more information, but someone’s late to the date.

Do you remember that ridiculous bar graph that you saw in PA school? You’re like, I have no idea what I’m looking at! What they’re trying to show you is the timing of the valves. Someone is late to the date.

So, I want you to erase what you memorized in PA school. If I have a split S2, someone’s late to the date. Is it pulmonic or aortic? I need more information, but someone’s late to the date.

  • So now, do you understand the left ventricle hypertrophy?
  • Do you understand the left bundle branch block?
  • Do you see the systolic ejection murmur at the right intercostal space?
  • Do you see the split S2?

Okay. One more step. Can we all agree just from a laminar flow physics point of view that the more blood flow I put across the valve, the louder it sounds?

Think about this for a second. The more blood flow I put across the valve, the louder it sounds.

So, to make aortic stenosis sound louder? What do I need to do? Put more blood flow across the valve!

Key point:

  • To make the murmur of aortic stenosis louder, you need to send more blood flow across the valve.

Okay, so there is a party, and everybody’s showing up – Your mom, your dad, your cousins, your second cousins, the neighbors, the neighbors, friends. I mean, everybody’s showing up. Everybody’s coming back to the heart. Who’s the party maneuver? Squatting – squatting is a party!

So, what are you doing? I’m shoving all the blood flow back home. Who showed up? The entire neighborhood – and my cousins and my second cousins everybody’s showing up. So, when I squat, you know what I get? More blood flow in the heart. Guess which murmur sounds louder? All of them – mitral stenosis, mitral regurgitation, tricuspid stenosis, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis, pulmonic regurgitation, aortic stenosis, and aortic regurgitation – all sound louder with more blood flow back home. Who’s the maneuver? Squatting!

So, squatting really doesn’t help me much because everybody sounds louder.

Key point:

  • Think of squatting as a party – everyone comes home and brings more blood flow to your heart. This increases the sound of all the murmurs.

And then who’s your low volume maneuvers? Who makes blood flow go away from the heart? Well, that would be standing – when you stand up, that takes blood flow away from the heart. So, all the blood flows to your legs. How are all your murmurs? They go away. So, standing is a lack of blood flow, and all the murmurs are diminished.

Key point:

  • Standing is the opposite of squatting and makes all the blood flow go to your legs (away from the heart), and all the murmurs decrease in sound. 

And then Valsalva. When you grunt, what you’re doing is Valsalva or if you have a bowel movement – what you’re doing is you’re squeezing the inferior and superior vena cava, and you’re stopping blood flow from going to the right side of the heart.

You’ve got less blood flow in the heart. So, do you have any blood flow to put on my murmurs? No, it went away. So, standing and Valsalva make murmurs go away.

Squatting sounds louder. Standing and Valsalva – these are my low volume maneuvers, and the murmur goes away.

Key point:

  • Valsalva squeezes the inferior and superior vena cava reducing blood flow into the right side of the heart. So, you have less blood (low volume) and a decreased murmur.

Inspiration and Expiration

Inspiration right. Expiration left. Inspiration right. Expiration left – and for the third time. Inspiration right expiration left – to make right-sided heart murmur sound louder, you breathe in (inspiration). What do you do to make left-sided heart murmurs sound louder? Expiration!

When you inhale, you breathe air in – imagine your inferior and superior vena cava are pushing blood into your right side. So, you get more blood flow on to the right – increasing the laminar flow on the right and increasing the sound of right heart murmurs.

When you exhale and blow air out, you are decreasing that pressure in the chest. So now the blood on the left can get out easier – increasing the laminar flow across the valve and increasing the sound of the murmur on the left.

So, one more time, inspiration right and expiration left. Hi, I’m aortic stenosis – am I on the left or the right? I’m on the left.

So, what’s it going to make it louder? Expiration!

Key point:

  • With expiration, you blow air out, and you are decreasing the pressure in the chest. So now, the blood on the left can get out easier – increasing the laminar flow across the valve and increasing the sound of aortic stenosis.

Hand Grip

You learned that handgrip increases peripheral vascular resistance.

Okay. Let’s translate that to more layperson terms. When I increase my peripheral vascular resistance, I’m sitting on your aortic valve. What is your only exit valve? Yes, that’s right – it’s the aortic valve. So, if I increase your peripheral vascular resistance AKA, I’m pushing all the blood against your aortic valve AKA I’m sitting on your aortic valve.

So, I want you to get this, I want this visualization of handgrip and sitting on the aortic valve. So, I’m sitting on your aortic valve, and we’re just sitting on it. Got it?

Grab your hands and squeeze them – see how your muscles are tight? Can you visualize the blood flow getting harder to come out? So, you’re pushing it against the exit valve, which is your aortic valve. And now I want you to visualize this as sitting on the valve.

Okay, hi, I’m aortic stenosis, and I can barely open up – squeak, squeak, squeak, squeak, squeak. I can barely open the valve. I’m stenotic, and you did what? You did hand grip. You just sat on my aortic valve, and I can barely open up. Do you think I can open it up anymore?

The answer is no. Exactly. So, guess what murmur is in the right second intercostal space and goes away with handgrip? Aortic stenosis!

Key point:

  • Imagine handgrip as sitting on an already stenotic aortic valve – blood can’t get out because the valve can barely open up. And what happens to the murmur? It goes away with handgrip.

Aortic Stenosis Recap:

  • It’s a systolic ejection murmur. Makes sense? Right?
  • Second intercostal space – that’s where it’s located.
  • Most commonly congenital bicuspid. That makes sense – typically, the aortic valve has three cusps (tricuspid aortic valve), but some people are born with an aortic valve that has two cusps (bicuspid aortic valve).
  • I can’t get the flow out, so when I exert myself, I get chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness. That makes sense.
  • Give me nitroglycerin, and you dilate my left ventricle. Well, we’re going to fall down and go good night because less blood flow is going through to the aortic valve.
  • How’s your S2? Oh, I’m late to the date, and you’re S2 is split.
  • How’s your left ventricle? It’s going to hypertrophy because I have to fight the aortic valve.
  • And wait a second. I can stretch the muscles to a point where I break the wires. What do we get? We get left bundle branch block.
  • Inspiration right => expiration left. Expiration and squatting are a party. Everyone show’s up, and the murmur sounds louder. Standing and Valsalva. These are low volume moves, and the murmur is quieter.
  • Handgrip – I’m sitting on the valve. Blood can’t get out, so the murmur goes away.

And then, of course, how do we diagnose it? Echocardiogram!

The aortic valve is the one valve that requires an emergent replacement.  So, when somebody has aortic stenosis, what is the end game? It’s going to be an aortic valve replacement.

Aortic Regurgitation

Now, let’s discuss aortic regurgitation. Okay, with all these new tools, it’s going to be easy.

With aortic regurgitation, the valve is just flapping in the breeze, come and go as you please. I could care less – come and go as you please.

Are you going to have problems with this valve during systole? Yes, or no? No, because the valve is supposed to be open during systole.

So, when do you have problems with the regurgitating aortic valve? During diastole, when the valve is supposed to be closed!

Key point:

  • Aortic regurgitation is a diastolic murmur that will be noticeable when the valve is supposed to be closed during diastole.

It’s going to travel from my right-second intercostal space down to my apex.

Anything split? Is anybody late? No, not at all.

So, aortic regurgitation will be a diastolic murmur, and there is a wide arterial pulse pressure. They call this a water-hammer pulse. To understand this, imagine your pulse as a series of train cars. So, imagine a train, and there’s your aortic valve—pulse, pulse, pulse, pulse, pulse, pulse, pulse. But imagine if you’ve got aortic regurgitation – What do you do?

Well, I threw a pulse out there. But did you hold it out there? No, because my valve was open. So, what happened to some of that blood that you threw out there? It sneaks back home!

They call that wide arterial pulse pressure. I want you to view the arteries like this PVC pipe. You threw blood out there, didn’t you? So, it kept it full. But during diastole, I didn’t close the door. So, it all rushed back home, and the pipe collapsed. Exactly. That’s what we call a wide arterial pulse pressure, and this is what’s called a water hammer pulse.

So, I have this diastolic murmur. Right second intercostal space. Radiates to the apex. Okay. Let’s make it sound louder. What do you want to do? Oh, let’s squat – that’s a party!

To make it go away. I could stand or Valsalva. These are my low-volume maneuvers. Does inspiration or expiration make it louder? This is on the left, so expiration makes it louder.

Handgrip

So, I’m sitting on your aorta valve, and what’s the problem? You can come and go as you please. So, what will happen when we perform handgrip with aortic regurgitation is that blood flow is going to go against your valve, and it’s wide open. Blood is going to go right through it!

So now, does everybody see this question rearing its ugly head?

Instead of going for the knee-jerk answers that you’ve memorized (I call this the data closet in a student’s head), try to make sense of the question instead of going for your data closet. Think laminar flow physics.

  • So now, do you see the difference between aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation?
  • Do you understand inspiration vs. expiration?
  • Do you see that squatting is a party? It’s not going to help with anything (squatting doesn’t do squat – it doesn’t help me delineate the cause of the murmur).
  • Inspiration, right, and expiration left.
  • My low volume maneuvers are Valsalva and standing.
  • Who challenges my aortic valve? Handgrip! And if I have aortic stenosis, it goes away, but if I have aortic regurgitation, the blood goes right through it.

And now, do you see the test question? They’re not going to tell you if it’s systolic or diastolic. That’s too easy. They’re going to tell you about some murmur in the right second intercostal space that either gets louder with handgrip (aortic regurgitation) or goes away with handgrip (aortic stenosis).

And now you will get the answer right every time!

Closing

Now go back and re-listen to this podcast episode a couple of times. I always tell people if they get a chance to listen to this podcast, do yourself a favor and find a quiet room and turn off all the lights.

And then just listen. Keep your eyes closed and visualize this in your head… and that’s just money!

Resources and links from the show

This podcast is available on every device

You can download and listen to past FREE episodes here, on iTunes, Spotify, on Google Podcasts, Stitcher, Amazon Music, and most podcasting apps.

Download the Interactive Content Blueprint Checklist

Follow this link to download your FREE copy of the PANCE/PANRE/EOR Content Blueprint Checklists

Print it up and start crossing out the topics you understand, marking the ones you don’t, and making notes of key terms you should remember. The PDF version is interactive and linked directly to the individual lessons on Smarty PANCE.

Photo Credit: Bruce Blaus, CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The post Podcast Episode 91: Cardiac Murmurs Made Easy Part 1 of 5 – Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

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Welcome to episode 91 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant/Associate Board Review Podcast. Today is part one of an extraordinary five-part series with Joe Gilboy PA-C, all about cardiac murmurs.



Welcome to episode 91 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant/Associate Board Review Podcast.



Today is part one of an extraordinary five-part series with Joe Gilboy PA-C, all about cardiac murmurs.



It’s time to throw away everything you have ever learned that made you hate cardiac murmurs (you know those crazy line diagrams) and let Joe hard-wire your brain for success.



I promise you that by the end of this podcast, you will no longer be afraid of murmurs, but you will welcome them into your brain with a whole heart, open arms, and the need to share this podcast with all your classmates.



Below is a transcription of this podcast episode slightly edited for clarity.



* You can download and listen to past FREE episodes here, on iTunes, Spotify, on Google Podcasts, Stitcher, Amazon Music, and most podcasting apps.* You can listen to the latest episode and access even more resources below.





Welcome, everybody. This is Joe Gilboy PA-C, and today is part one of a five-part series on the two most dreaded words that every pa student and recert PA hates. Are you ready for the two words?



Heart murmurs!



Today we’re going to start talking about heart murmurs, and we are going to break this down into a five-part series:



* The first part is going to be on the aortic valve (today’s episode)* The second part will cover the mitral valve* The third will be all about the pulmonic valve* The fourth part will be about the tricuspid valve* And then, in the fifth part of this series, we’re going to wrap this all together



We’re going to cover each valve one at a time. We will look at it and try to really make sense of it all.



Because I know what you did in PA school, you had that little diagram that you made, you know, systolic or diastolic murmurs. You’ve memorized certain things. And then you get to that test question, and you’re completely clueless on it, you’re like, “I have no idea what they just said, Joe, I have no idea.”



And then you’re back to scrambling, looking for some word that’s going to trigger you. And that’s the key point- all the trigger words, all those high-value trigger words, they’re gone. That’s what the creators of the PANCE did about two to three years ago. They took all the trigger words out.



Key point:



* Don’t rely on keywords (trigger words) for your PANCE because they’re gone!



So now, let’s look at this differently. You did it your way.]]>
The Physician Assistant Life | Smarty PANCE full 30:36 433 How to Be a Better PA Part 2: Medical Staff, Administrators, and Supervisors http://podcast.thepalife.com/how-to-be-a-better-pa-part-2-medical-staff-administrators-supervisors/ Tue, 24 Aug 2021 07:01:00 +0000 http://podcast.thepalife.com/?p=418 This is part two of a special three-part podcast series by Joe Gilboy PA-C on becoming a better PA. Part one was all about building better relationships with our nurses and ancillary staff. In part two we cover essential strategies on how to stay off the medical staff radar and get the medical staff, administrators, […]

The post How to Be a Better PA Part 2: Medical Staff, Administrators, and Supervisors appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

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This is part two of a special three-part podcast series by Joe Gilboy PA-C on becoming a better PA.

Part one was all about building better relationships with our nurses and ancillary staff.

In part two we cover essential strategies on how to stay off the medical staff radar and get the medical staff, administrators, and supervisors on your side.

Let’s jump right into this special episode of The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast.

You can listen to the podcast below and read the summarized (and edited version) of the transcript or listen in your podcast player of choice.

The Audio PANE/PANRE Podcast Episode 86: How to be a Better PA (Part 2 of 3)

You can also click here to listen to or download this episode.

Episode Transcript and Summary

This episode was recorded by Joe Gilboy PA-C and edited for clarity and readability by Stephen Pasquini PA-C.

Welcome, everybody. This is Joe Gilboy, and this is a podcast to have a series of three podcasts on how to become a better PA.

Today, we’re going to talk about medical staff, our administrators, and our supervisors, whether a nursing supervisor, PA supervisor, or possibly physician supervisor.

What I will be teaching you here in this podcast is how to interact with them and how to deal with them. And most importantly, how to have you make a better reputation for yourself and how to make you a better PA.

  • First, we’re going to talk about the medical staff, which is a big group of people.
  • Second, we need to learn how to deal with administrators. These can also be the office managers at the clinics where you work.
  • And then your supervisors, these are the people above you, whether a nurse, a PA, or a doc.
  • Lastly, we will covering how to deal with (or leave) a toxic job

So, let’s talk about all these three people we’re going to have to interact with.

How to be a Better PA with Medical Staff

Let me explain who medical staff really are, not whom you think there are, but I’m going to show you who they really are.

I’ve been a physician assistant in the emergency room for 35 years. You would think that after 35 years, I’ve developed some tough skin. But there’s one group of people that I fear the most, and you will begin to fear them as well. Who are they? The medical staff!

Everybody has a boss. For example, you have a boss, and your boss has a boss, they have a boss, everybody has a boss. But there’s one person who’s at the very top of this pyramid. That’s medical staff.

So, when medical staff asked for something, when do you get it done? Now? Yes, right now, like yesterday was too late.

So, the medical staff has asked for your ACLs card, PALS card, NCCPA card, or DEA number. They want a TB test, a flu shot, or they want your antibody titer for chickenpox.

When are we getting it done?

Now! No, literally right now. Because you see, the last people you want to be on the radar is medical staff.

Let me share with you who medical staff really is.

What’s their job?

Are you ready for this? I hope you’re sitting down?

Their job is to fire you.

Yeah, you heard me. They want to find a problem. That’s their job.

So, when they start asking for things, they’re looking for a problem. So, let’s just say a young physician assistant is working in urgent care that we will call Betty.

So, here’s Betty, the new PA working at the urgent care. Medical staff wants something, and she’s like, well, you know, I’ll get to it tomorrow. I have a birthday party to go to this weekend. And you know, and then it’s my parents, wedding anniversary, I’m going to have that. And then my boyfriend’s taking me to this. And you know, I’ll get back to it when I get back in town. And as this time has gone by, Tick-tock, tick-tock. She’s getting these new emails in her inbox from the medical staff. They’ve sent one, they’ve sent two, they sent three. Now they send one to her, and they’re saying, hey, if you don’t get this done in 10 days, you’re on suspension!

Guess who gets the seat in that email? Your boss.

Let me explain to you how this plays itself out. You see, at the end of the year, when you’re up there for that yearly evaluation, they’re going to say, “Hey, so how’s our new physician assistant? How’s she doing?”

Well, they’re going to talk to a group of people. They’re going to talk to the nurses. They’re going to talk to the physicians. And guess who else they are going to talk to, folks? That’s right, the medical staff.

“Are there any dings with this person? Have they no gotten things done on time?”

Now think about what I’m saying hard.

So, imagine you’re the boss. And there’s these two PAs that show up. One PA gets everything done on time, and the medical staff doesn’t even know they exist.

They’re like, yeah, this person gets his TB test and flu shot and antibody titers done on time.

There’s this other PA. Well, we had him on suspension for a week because he wouldn’t get a TB test. And you’re the boss, and it’s time for her yearly evaluation. Whom do you want to give the raise to?

Yeah, let that bounce around in your head for a second.

Whom do you want to give the raise to? The person that medical staff has no idea that even exists in the department because they’re getting everything done on time or a PA that they had to put on suspension for ten days?

Now, do you get it, guys?

You see, I hate to say this, but getting along with the medical staff is not only the way to preserve your job. But it’s also the way to make more money.

Because when it’s time for that yearly evaluation, your boss is going to look at you like, “Hey, you show up to work on time, you get along with the nurses, and you get along with the medical staff.” They want to keep you.

That’s when you can turn the screw and say, okay, well, to keep me, I would like $10 more an hour, or more vacation time or whatever it is that you’re trying to angle at. That’s how this works, folks.

I get these new grads who get out of school. They tell their supervising physician that they want to make $80 an hour, right? And let’s just say the going rate is $65. And the doc will say, well, wait a sec, you know, I start new PAs off at $65. They’re going to go well; I’m a recent grad, and I deserve this. I deserve that. Or I went to some fancy, dancy school.

Now, can you understand that at the end of the day, your boss does not care where you went to school? It means absolutely nothing. That’s just a piece of paper. What’s going to mean everything to your boss?

Can you see 20 patients, not kill anybody, get along with the nurses, get along with the staff? And most importantly, doesn’t get on the medical staff’s radar.

This is about your reputation.

You want to be the PA that medical staff doesn’t even know exist.

You’re like, so when does this girl get her TB or guy get a TB test, always on time, gets his flu shot on time gets his antibodies done on time. I don’t even know his DEA numbers expire because he turns it in on time. That’s who you want to be.

So never, ever, ever get on medical staff’s radar.

I am going to give you a little inside story. I got an email. This was about nine o’clock in the morning. I got an email from medical staff, and they wanted antibody titers. They’re like, “you know, hey, Joe, we need your antibody titer, Hep B titer, measles titer, and chickenpox titer.”

So that was nine o’clock in the morning. I was in the walk-in clinic at noon, getting my antibodies, titer tests. And then the lady looked at goes I said, Yeah, there’s something about a DPT shot, and she goes, you know, our records down, we can’t pick them up. I said, just give them to give it to me. And lo and behold, they did my antibody titer. And they gave me a DPT shot. And believe it or not, guess who got two DPT shots last year? Yeah, that’s me.

The medical staff emailed me back that afternoon. I emailed them back within four hours. Everything’s been done. And they emailed me back saying, “Hey, thank you for getting things done so expeditiously.”

Does everybody understand my boss is looking at me like the medical staff doesn’t even know you exist? They’re kind of worried because you got two DPT shots. I’m like, you know, I got twice the amount of antibodies. I’m not really worried about it.

So now, at the end of the day, this is what I want to share with you. Don’t ever get on the radar. They want something – you get it done. Right. Now, if you do that, guys, he’ll do great.

How to be a Better PA with Administrators

So now the next group we need people we need to talk about is the administrators.

So, when the administrators come downstairs to your hospital, urgent care, walk-in clinics, surgery center, wherever it is, be polite, and be cordial. Be respectful to them. Say hey, it’s great to see you, how have you been you know, it’s you know, I hope all is well with you and sounds great.

So, if you’re cordial and polite with them and respectful, they’ll remember you. And then when that yearly evaluation comes up, the administrator can go to your boss (who’s your boss’s boss), and they go, hey, you know, I met one of your PAs the day ago, great guy. Very nice. He was very polite and very cordial, and very respectful to me. You’ve got a good kid on board.

And now your boss is going to go, “wait a second. I need to keep this new grad, maybe young pa, on board. That’s what you want to do.

So, in other words, be polite, be cordial. Be respectful to your administrators, and remember, they’re the ones that make policies.

I think it is kind of funny that everyone argues so much about who’s in charge of making policies. At the end of the day, guys, it all boils down to policies. That’s what you must play under.

These are the rules. They’re not the referees. You must play by these rules. You can get mad at the referee, but he’s just enforcing the rule.

So, think of administrators as the person who is just enforcing the policy. So, when you see the administrators, be polite, be cordial, be respectful.

How to be a Better PA with Supervisors

The last group of people that we need to be aware of is our supervisors. So, whether this is a nursing supervisor, PA supervisor, or physician supervisor, they are your supervisor. And I keep telling everybody this again: be respectful, kind, cordial, and very workable.

You want to be the PA that everyone wants to work with. You want to be the PA that when you walk into the OR suite, or you walk into the clinic, or you walk into the surgery center or walk into, you know, medical office or you walk into the ER, you’re going to be that PA.

“Oh my gosh, it’s going to be a great day. Look who’s here.” So, when the nursing supervisor comes up and asks you a question, again, be polite, cordial, and respectful. The same thing with your peers. Most people have a PA supervisor, right?

Just be polite and cordial with them. Your MD supervisors, you want to be that pa that does everything?

No, listen to me. You see, you want to be the PA that the MD is like, oh, god, this person’s work with me today!

I know they’ll pick up the extra patients. They’ll pick up the pace. They’ll do better in the OR. They’re much more respectful. They’re much more cordial. This is the person I want to work with, that guy or that like that girl, that’s who I want to work with, it’s them.

And this is what you need. Because you see at the end of the day, guys, what I’m really trying to share with you. And I’m trying to tie this all in with you. This is about reputation.

You see, guys, at the end of the day, no one cares where you went to school. I mean, I know it’s a congratulation from whatever university or PA program you graduate from. Congratulations.

Okay. But no one cares. No one will care about your GPA. No one will care about your PANCE or your PANRE score. They’ll mean absolutely zero.

What will mean everything, your reputation?

What kind of person is this individual like to work with? Are they good? Are they bad? Do they get along with the staff? Do they get along with medical staff? Do they get along with the administrators? Do they get along with the supervisors?

That’s what’s going to count, folks. Because at the end of the day, let’s just say you leave your job and go to the next job. Who do you think they’re going to call?

Yeah, they’re going to call one of your supervisors. And what are they going to say? They’re not going to say where you went to school. They are not going to say what your GPA was, your PANCE or PANRE score was?

They’re going to say what kind of person you are to work with, which is based upon your reputation.

This is what I keep trying to hammer home is. So how does everyone understand where I’m trying to with this

In other words, the medical staff wants something. When am I getting it done? Now?

How am I going to be to the administrators when they come downstairs? I’m not going to be afraid of them. I’ll walk up to them and shake their hand. I’m polite cordial respectful.

My supervisors, what am I going to be? Polite, cordial, and respectful.

I’m going to be that workable PA? Hey, can you go see these extra four patients? Do you mind staying an hour later? I’d love to. I’d love to stay 10 hours later. Thank you. Can I have another?

That’s who you want to be. Not the person who is like, “well, I need to leave a half-hour early, and can I get my hour lunch? No, I want a two-hour lunch. You know, I just don’t feel like coming in today because I just I’m not feeling it. You know, my chakra’s not in line. You know, I’m just not feeling it.”

Yeah, this is not who you want to be. This is not who they want to hire.

They want the person they can rely upon. They want the person that they can trust the reputation on, and this is what I’m trying to share with you.

The Toxic Job

One other little piece here because I know many of you guys are going to ask this question. Hey, Joe. I’ve got this really toxic supervisor. I got this toxic nursing supervisor, I’ve got this toxic PA supervisor, or I got this toxic physician supervisor, so just say you’ve got a toxic person in your crew, right?

And trust me, I’ve been here, guys; I have Pandora’s box full of bad memories here. I just want to keep this box closed. So, I’m on your side here.

So, what do you do with the toxic nursing supervisor?

Two things. So, whether it be a toxic nursing supervisor toxic, physician assistant supervisor, toxic physician supervisor? So what do I do?

Okay, so this is the way you get out of this. This is how you thread the needle.

One, you go up to them directly. So, let’s just say you have a toxic nursing supervisor, right? So, you go up to whoever this nursing supervisor is and say, “listen, I find some of the things you inappropriate, I don’t find this working for the best interest of the department.”

And remember, that’s a buzz word, best interests of the department or the office, the surgery center, or the ER, this isn’t serving the best interests of our department.

“So, if you don’t mind, I would appreciate it, if you change your policy or attitude towards me or to the group of people.”

So, the first thing you do is you confront you lay down your complaint.

You also followed it up with an email.

Dear nurse supervisor or PA supervisor, or MD supervisor. The other day, we spoke about (x,y,x). Thank you for your time consideration. Sincerely, Joe.

You have verbally stated this to them. And now you have an email, which is very important.

Now, let’s say that they continue to be toxic. Now, what do you do?

Everybody has a boss. Now, you go to their boss’s boss, except this time, you’ve got documentation.

And you say, “so, I presented this to my nursing or physician supervisor, and this is what I presented to them, and they continue this behavior.”

I’ve been at some toxic jobs. I just look back, and I find it amazing that I ever survived. So, what do I recommend when people are in a toxic job?

You’ve completed the steps above. You’ve politely confronted them and verbalized this in an email, and you went to a higher source, and nothing got done.

So, when you leave this toxic job, how do you do it?

You be polite, be respectful, be cordial.

“This is my two-month resignation. Thank you for your time consideration.

You don’t even bring it up. You just exit.

Okay. So, can we all agree that most of us sleep 6-8 hours a day, which means we’re awake for 16, right? Eight to 10 hours is going to be at work.

My wife’s a writer. So, she’s off doing her writer stuff, right? I might see her for a couple of hours. I don’t see her that much.

But my nurses, are you kidding me? I see them eight to 10 hours a day. So, you see, the people you work with are your family. You’re going to spend more time with these people than your own family.

If you have a miserable family at work, you will take home a miserable attitude and then take it out against the people you love the most.

So, these toxic jobs that you sometimes get yourself into. Get out. Get out as soon as you can!

This will literally ruin your soul. And then you’ll take it home to the people you love the most.

“But I’m making so much money.”

I see this all the time; I hear this from all my students all the time.

“But Joe I was making such good money.”

One of the things you learn about life as you get older, it’s not always about money. I agree that money helps. It helps pay off your student loan, mortgage, car payments, bills, etc. I get it, I’ve got the same things.

But at the end of the day, I’m happy with the family I have in my ER. I get along great with everybody. I get along with the medical staff. I get along with the administrators, and I get along to supervisor. I get along with almost everybody. It’s my family.

And so now, when I come home, I’m not in a bad mood. I don’t have any toxic stew on me. So, I can spend time with my wife and my daughter, and my dogs. And I’m just Joe. Nothing came home with me.

Your Reputation Matters

And this is what I keep trying to share with you guys. This is how you develop a good, healthy reputation as a PA.

And now if you go to the next job, what’s your boss going to say?

Oh, this guy is great. Or this girl is great. I don’t want to give her up. She gets along with everybody. You’re the luckiest person in the world to get her. Get him.

That’s what you want to do.

So, listen, guys, it’s been enjoyable. I hope this podcast has helped you out. And this is podcast two or three. The third and the final podcast is getting ready to come up. And at that podcast. We’re going to wrap the first two podcasts up. And what are we going to talk about? Your reputation.

Take care, guys.

Joe Gilboy PA-C

The post How to Be a Better PA Part 2: Medical Staff, Administrators, and Supervisors appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

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This is part two of a special three-part podcast series by Joe Gilboy PA-C on becoming a better PA. Part one was all about building better relationships with our nurses and ancillary staff. In part two we cover essential strategies on how to stay off t...



This is part two of a special three-part podcast series by Joe Gilboy PA-C on becoming a better PA.



Part one was all about building better relationships with our nurses and ancillary staff.



In part two we cover essential strategies on how to stay off the medical staff radar and get the medical staff, administrators, and supervisors on your side.



Let’s jump right into this special episode of The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast.



You can listen to the podcast below and read the summarized (and edited version) of the transcript or listen in your podcast player of choice.



The Audio PANE/PANRE Podcast Episode 86: How to be a Better PA (Part 2 of 3)





You can also click here to listen to or download this episode.



Episode Transcript and Summary



This episode was recorded by Joe Gilboy PA-C and edited for clarity and readability by Stephen Pasquini PA-C.



Welcome, everybody. This is Joe Gilboy, and this is a podcast to have a series of three podcasts on how to become a better PA.



Today, we’re going to talk about medical staff, our administrators, and our supervisors, whether a nursing supervisor, PA supervisor, or possibly physician supervisor.



What I will be teaching you here in this podcast is how to interact with them and how to deal with them. And most importantly, how to have you make a better reputation for yourself and how to make you a better PA.



* First, we’re going to talk about the medical staff, which is a big group of people. * Second, we need to learn how to deal with administrators. These can also be the office managers at the clinics where you work.* And then your supervisors, these are the people above you, whether a nurse, a PA, or a doc.* Lastly, we will covering how to deal with (or leave) a toxic job



So, let’s talk about all these three people we’re going to have to interact with.



How to be a Better PA with Medical Staff







Let me explain who medical staff really are, not whom you think there are, but I’m going to show you who they really are.



I’ve been a physician assistant in the emergency room for 35 years. You would think that after 35 years, I’ve developed some tough skin. But there’s one group of people that I fear the most, and you will begin to fear them as well. Who are they? The medical staff!



Everybody has a boss. For example, you have a boss, and your boss has a boss, they have a boss, everybody has a boss. But there’s one person who’s at the very top of this pyramid. That’s medical staff.



So, when medical staff asked for something, when do you get it done? Now? Yes, right now, like yesterday was too late.



So, the medical staff has asked for your ACLs card, PALS card, NCCPA card, or DEA number. They want a TB test, a flu shot,]]>
The Physician Assistant Life | Smarty PANCE full 30:55 418
Podcast Episode 86 – How to Be a Better PA Part 1: Nurses, Lab Techs, and X-Ray Technicians http://podcast.thepalife.com/podcast-episode-86-how-to-be-a-better-pa-part-1-nurses-lab-techs-and-x-ray-technicians/ Mon, 09 Nov 2020 13:00:00 +0000 http://podcast.thepalife.com/?p=404 This is part one of a special three-part podcast series by Joe Gilboy PA-C on becoming a better PA. Part one is all about building amazing relationships with our nurses and ancillary staff. You may be thinking to yourself, “Hey Stephen, I thought this podcast was about the PANCE and PANRE.” “How does talking about […]

The post Podcast Episode 86 – How to Be a Better PA Part 1: Nurses, Lab Techs, and X-Ray Technicians appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

]]>
How to Be a Better PA Part 1 - Nurses, Lab Techs, and X-Ray Technicians

This is part one of a special three-part podcast series by Joe Gilboy PA-C on becoming a better PA.

Part one is all about building amazing relationships with our nurses and ancillary staff.

You may be thinking to yourself, “Hey Stephen, I thought this podcast was about the PANCE and PANRE.” “How does talking about nurses and ancillary make me a better PA or help me pass my boards?”

If you asked this question, then you have come to the right place.

Because as anybody who has ever worked as part of a healthcare team can tell you, the key to your success as a PA has little to do with you and a lot more to do with how you treat other people.

So how do you become a better PA?

Let’s jump right into this unique episode of The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast. You can listen to the podcast below and read the summarized (and edited version) of the transcript or listen in your podcast player of choice.

The Audio PANE/PANRE Podcast Episode 86: How to be a Better PA (Part 1 of 3)

You can also click here to listen to or download this episode.

Episode Transcript and Summary

This episode was recorded by Joe Gilboy PA-C and edited for clarity and readability by Stephen Pasquini PA-C.

I’ve been a PA in the emergency department for 35 years. And you can imagine, I’ve had a lot of interaction with nurses and ancillary staff. I want to pass on some wisdom and guidelines to help you deal with the nurses and ancillary staff.

This will help you become the best PA you can become and help you immensely in your career and, most importantly, with your reputation.

Become Best Friends with the Nurses

Make Friends with The Nurses - How to be a better PA Part 1

The first group of people we’re going to talk about is the nurses. And this is a big one, folks, my God, how big is this!

So, to all my new graduates out there, I really need you to listen to me, stop what you’re doing, and let this bounce around in your head for a second. As a new graduate, your nurses will know more than you. That’s right, you heard me, they will know more than you.

So, let’s say you’re working at an urgent care family practice clinic or working in a neurology clinic. There you are seeing your patients, and the nurse will know more than you on how this patient needs to be worked up, which labs or imaging tests to order, and what the doctor likes.

So, what I always tell my new graduates to do, and what you need to do, is become best friends with the nurses because sometimes (a lot of times), they’re going to know more than you!

As time goes on and as you become more experienced and more seasoned, yes, you will know more than the nurses, which is just a byproduct of time and experience. I can’t fast forward time, but I can tell you that the nurses will know more than you initially, so follow them.

They’re going to point you in the right direction. They will say, “Hey, you know Dr. Smith likes it this way, or Dr. Jones likes it that way or, whoever the person that you’re working with, this is how I like to work with them” Follow them, and if they like you, they will lead you in the right direction. 

Make the Nurses Part of Your Team

The second thing you need to understand about the nurses is that they like to be part of the team. They like to feel like they’re part of the team and know that you recognize their experience and expertise when working up the patient.

The worst thing you can ever say to a nurse is this: “I’m the PA; you’re the nurse; you must do what I say.”

As soon as you say this, there are two things you should do:

  1. Sign your organ donation card
  2. Pick up the phone and call The Legacy Group, you know, that’s the organ donation team that we have here in California, and they’re going to come and harvest your organs, and you will be dead.

And that’s what’s going to happen. Don’t ever say that to the nurses!

What should you say instead?

Ask for Input from the Nurses

What you should say to the nurses goes something like this: “hey, so what’s your input?”

It’s that easy!

Honor Input from the Nurses

There will come a time, and it’s going to happen to you, where the nurse is going to want to order something that you may not 100% agree with. What should you do then?

If it’s not doing any harm to the patient or it is something that’s no far outside the standard of care, your interaction should go something like this: “Okay, I see your point, I agree with you, let’s add this lab test (or this other study) that we may want to do.”

Now let’s say the recommendation made by the nurse is way outside the standard of care. For example, let’s say you have someone with an ankle sprain and your nurse wants to order a CAT scan of the head. And you’re like, “okay, this is not going to work out well.”

So now, at that point, what’s the best way to disagree with nurses, but do it politely?

You can say this: “I hear you loud and clear. However, I think that what’s going to serve our patient best is not a CT of his head, but let’s x-ray his ankle.”

“I hear you!” This is the magic word. This is what they need to know: That you hear them, you respect them, and that they are part of the team. 

Embrace “The Doughnut Theory”

How to be a better PA - Embrace the doughnut theory

The doughnut theory works like this: You bring doughnuts to your clinic or hospital department once a week, then watch what happens!

That $7 worth of doughnuts is going to change everything!

The nurses are going to be like, “who brought the doughnuts?” “Oh look, you know the new PA Allison over here she brought the doughnuts, and we love Alison.”

Suddenly, PA Allison is a superstar! Like, oh my gosh, we love Alison! And every Wednesday, they’re going to be looking at the door like, hey, did Alison bring the doughnuts?

Feed the nurses! I know this sounds crazy, but feed your nurses, and they will love you!

Another thing that you should bring the nurses once a month is pizza. I know this sounds crazy. Again, you’re like, what’s Joe talking about? But trust me when I tell you that you should buy the staff pizza once a month. Pizza is a universal food. I even think aliens from other galaxies like pizza!

We are Family . . .  All the Nurses, MAs, and Me!

The nurses need to feel like you are part of the community. You’re part of the family. Because what this is about is family.

They did a recent study in the ER about how much time we spend with the nurses. Do you realize that I spend more time with my nurses than I do with my wife?

This is a well-documented fact. Because anybody who’s been married knows what I’m talking about. When you come home, what’s going on? You’re doing this, and your spouse’s doing that. They’re picking up the kids, and you’re going to Costco. You’re over here, and they’re over there.

But to have quality time with your spouse? That’s exceedingly rare!

How many times are you two feet from your nurse? Discussing issues? My nurse is my spouse!

I tell everybody I have twenty-seven work spouses at my job. I’ll be talking to my wife on my cell phone, and the nurses show up, I will hang up on my wife to talk to the nurse.

Their Opinion Matters

At the end of the year, when you show up for that evaluation with your boss, do you know who she’s talking to? Yes, that’s right, the nurses!

Your supervisor will ask, “So what’s Allison like to work with?”

And if you have implemented the above tactics correctly, the nurses go, “Man, we love Allison! she brings doughnuts, she brings pizza, she talks to us very respectfully, if we disagree, she’ll listen and talk to us.”

You need to treat them with respect and treat them like family members. Because that’s what they are. If you feed them, treat them like family, and treat them with respect. Oh, wow. Watch what happens.

Your nurses will look at you like, “Oh, man, Allison’s here today!” And this is what you want to be the PA that everybody’s excited to see when you walk through the clinic door, the OR door, the emergency room door, the urgent care, or wherever it is that you’re working. It’s like, “Oh, my gosh, Alison’s here today.” “All right, this is a great shift!” And when you showed up, you brought doughnuts.

And that is the sweet spot. That is where your reputation really starts to grow.

When you apply to a new job, what do they always ask for? Your background and experience! And when they call your boss, it’s about your reputation.

One of the questions they always ask is, “What is Allison like?” “Oh, Allison’s great, and the nurses love her!” And that is a slam dunk! Once they hear that, their next thought is, “Oh, wow, we want this person!”

Think about it for a second. Really pull back and give this some thought. Imagine you’re a physician hiring a PA. Imagine that the other previous employer tells you, “Well, you know, he’s had some run-ins with the nurses.” And then you call the other applicant who’s applying for the same job, and their supervisor is like, “Oh, he’s great, and the nurses love him.” Which PA are you going to hire?

Exactly, the one that has a good relationship with the nurses!

What I’m really trying to encapsulate here is this:

  1. Always be respectful to the nurses.
  2. Understand that sometimes the nurses will know more than you, and that’s OK.
  3. Feed the nurses doughnuts and pizza
  4. Treat them like a family member – like your mom, dad, brother, or sister.

And you will see how well this works! Make no mistake, in my 35 years as an ER PA, I’ve seen so many PhDs who’ve been disrespectful to nurses, and what has happened to them? It’s not good!

Remember, at the end of the year, this is what your boss is looking at. And then if you have a good relationship with the nurses, guess who gets to ask for more money? That would be you. And guess whose reputation just grew? That would be you.

Love Your Lab Techs

Love Your Lab Technicians

The next group of people you need to be nice to and get to know very well are your lab techs.

As you go through your PA career, make sure you become very friendly and are exceedingly kind to your lab techs. Let me tell you why.

The lab techs have an important job that often goes unseen. They come, they draw the blood, do the cultures, etc. etc. They do much of their work behind the scenes. You don’t see it. You see the results.

When you’re nice to the lab techs, and you treat them with love and respect, one of these days, you’re going to have trouble ordering a specific test. There you are poking around your EMR, maybe you are in Epic, and you can’t figure out what to order.

Then lo and behold, you call the lab to ask their advice, and they’re going to say, “Hey, you know, this is Allison. And we’re good friends with Allison, and she’s nice to us, right?”

Then suddenly, when you call down to the lab and say, “Hey, guys, how do you put in the order for this specific test?” And what’s going to happen? They’ll walk you right through it, and they’re going, “Hey, no problem, we’ll take care of it!” “And you know what, Allison, we’ll put in the order for you? No big deal.”

When you are friendly with the lab techs, they’ll draw extra tubes of blood, saying, “Hey, you know, just in case Allison forgot to ask to order this, we’ll have it done for her.”

Or say you’re working at a family practice clinic, a neurology clinic, or an OBGYN clinic. And there you are, it’s 4:30 in the afternoon, and you want to get off at five. You just sent down a urinalysis and a pregnancy test, which usually takes about 45 minutes to an hour to result.

And there you are, waiting to meet friends at 5:20, and it’s 4:30 pm, and you are thinking, “How am I going to get this done?”

Well, if you’re friendly with the lab techs, and you call down and say, “Hey guys, is there any way we can rush this pregnancy test and urinalysis?” And they say, “Oh, for you, Allison, anything!”

And there it is!

So, in other words, they will help you get things done on time and make you a better PA.

The lab techs are some of the most important people you’ll meet in the hospital, not hospital administrators.

So, as you go through your PA career, get to know your lab techs. Be friendly with them, get to know their first names, and take time to understand how they do things.

X-Ray Technicians

The last group of people we’re going to talk about is our X-ray department, including our X-ray techs, our ultrasound techs, CT techs, and even the radiologists.

When you’re working your patients up, you must wait for your labs, you must wait for your nurses to do their work, and then you’re waiting for the X-ray tech or CT tech, or the ultrasound tech to get that imaging study done. And what I’ve learned in my 35 years is that the radiology department can slow you up the most.

I agree; sometimes, the lab can slow you up. But what you’ll find out nine times out of ten, when you get to the end of the day, what was really the thing that took the longest? Your radiology imaging test.

So please get to know your X-ray techs or your CT techs, and get to know the girls or the guys in the ultrasound department, get to know them on a first-name basis.

Because soon, the day will come that you’re working in the ER, the urgent care, family practice, or in the surgical suite, and you need the X-ray tech to come and perform a chest X-ray or bring in the CRM fluoroscope. You need this done quickly because you’re in a rush, or the patient is in critical condition.

Or maybe you’re reducing a fracture, and you want to see what the post-reduction looks like before you even put in the splint.

This is when knowing the folks in the radiology department are going to serve your best interests.

So, let’s say you’re ordering a post-reduction study on a wrist fracture. So, there you are, you have reduced the fracture, and before you place the patient in the splint, you need the post-reduction study.

Now, since I’m good friends with the X-ray techs, I can give them a call and say, “Hey can you guys come over here and take a post-reduction x-ray really quick?”

And they’re going to be like, “No problem, Allison, we’ll come over and take it because it’s you, you’re the one that’s nice to us, don’t worry, we’ll put the order in for you.”

And then everything goes nice and smooth.

One of these days, it will be 4:30 in the afternoon, and you’ve got a patient with a finger fracture. Your patient is the fifth one in the row, which means you’ll be there for the next hour.

But you’ve got to go to your kid’s soccer game in an hour. And now you’re like, “Man, I wish there’s some way I could get this x-ray done quickly.” This is when knowing the x-ray techs becomes valuable.

Be Nice to Everybody

How to be a better PA - Be Nice to Everybody

Be nice to everybody!

This entire podcast episode is about building your reputation. This is about you as a PA. If you follow this advice, your colleagues will start viewing you as the nice PA that’s always respectful, knows everyone by their first name, and is always polite. And as a byproduct, everyone will be more than happy to do something nice for you.

It’s a human behavior thing; it’s not a medical thing; it’s a human thing. When human beings are nice to you, you’re more likely to be nice back and do favors for them in return.

That’s exactly what this boils down to. And I’m trying to make your job more efficient. Most importantly, I’m trying to get you to work on a better reputation, and this is what’s going to carry the most weight because every job you apply for, what do they ask for? Your references!

And what are they going to do? They’re going to call your previous employers. What is their conversation going to be based upon? It will have nothing to do with where you went to PA school. It will have absolutely nothing to do with your PANCE scores. It’ll have everything to do with your reputation.

Podcast two, which is coming up next, will be all about medical staff, administrators, and office managers and how to handle them. And that one is a big one, folks. So be your best, do your best. And try to build a great relationship with everybody you work with!

I’ll see you soon for podcast number two.

– Joe Gilboy PA-C

The post Podcast Episode 86 – How to Be a Better PA Part 1: Nurses, Lab Techs, and X-Ray Technicians appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

]]>
This is part one of a special three-part podcast series by Joe Gilboy PA-C on becoming a better PA. Part one is all about building amazing relationships with our nurses and ancillary staff. You may be thinking to yourself, “Hey Stephen,



This is part one of a special three-part podcast series by Joe Gilboy PA-C on becoming a better PA.



Part one is all about building amazing relationships with our nurses and ancillary staff.



You may be thinking to yourself, “Hey Stephen, I thought this podcast was about the PANCE and PANRE.” “How does talking about nurses and ancillary make me a better PA or help me pass my boards?”



If you asked this question, then you have come to the right place.



Because as anybody who has ever worked as part of a healthcare team can tell you, the key to your success as a PA has little to do with you and a lot more to do with how you treat other people.



So how do you become a better PA?



Let’s jump right into this unique episode of The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast. You can listen to the podcast below and read the summarized (and edited version) of the transcript or listen in your podcast player of choice.



The Audio PANE/PANRE Podcast Episode 86: How to be a Better PA (Part 1 of 3)





You can also click here to listen to or download this episode.



Episode Transcript and Summary



This episode was recorded by Joe Gilboy PA-C and edited for clarity and readability by Stephen Pasquini PA-C.



I’ve been a PA in the emergency department for 35 years. And you can imagine, I’ve had a lot of interaction with nurses and ancillary staff. I want to pass on some wisdom and guidelines to help you deal with the nurses and ancillary staff.



This will help you become the best PA you can become and help you immensely in your career and, most importantly, with your reputation.



Become Best Friends with the Nurses







The first group of people we’re going to talk about is the nurses. And this is a big one, folks, my God, how big is this!



So, to all my new graduates out there, I really need you to listen to me, stop what you’re doing, and let this bounce around in your head for a second. As a new graduate, your nurses will know more than you. That’s right, you heard me, they will know more than you.



So, let’s say you’re working at an urgent care family practice clinic or working in a neurology clinic. There you are seeing your patients, and the nurse will know more than you on how this patient needs to be worked up, which labs or imaging tests to order, and what the doctor likes.



So, what I always tell my new graduates to do, and what you need to do, is become best friends with the nurses because sometimes (a lot of times), they’re going to know more than you!



As time goes on and as you become more experienced and more seasoned, yes, you will know more than the nurses, which is just a byproduct of time and experience. I can’t fast forward time, but I can tell you that the nurses will know more than you initially, so follow them.



They’re going to point you in the right direction. They will say, “Hey, you know Dr. Smith likes it this way, or Dr. Jones likes it that way or,]]>
The Physician Assistant Life | Smarty PANCE full 25:56 404
Cardiac Pharmacology Part One: The Audio PANCE and PANRE Episode 84 http://podcast.thepalife.com/cardiac-pharmacology-part-one-the-audio-pance-and-panre-episode-84/ Tue, 11 Aug 2020 17:04:16 +0000 http://podcast.thepalife.com/?p=391 Welcome to episode 84 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast Today we welcome back PA board review expert Joe Gilboy PA-C as he covers the exceptionally important topic of cardiac pharmacology. Below you will find a downloadable audio version of this podcast as well as links to resources mentioned in today’s episode. […]

The post Cardiac Pharmacology Part One: The Audio PANCE and PANRE Episode 84 appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

]]>
Cardiac Pharmacology - The Audio PANCE and PANRE Board Review Podcast Episode 84Welcome to episode 84 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast

Today we welcome back PA board review expert Joe Gilboy PA-C as he covers the exceptionally important topic of cardiac pharmacology.

Below you will find a downloadable audio version of this podcast as well as links to resources mentioned in today’s episode. Members of Smarty PANCE can sign in and listen to the second half of Joe’s lecture as well as part two of this high-yield cardiac pharmacology lecture series by clicking here.

Not a Smarty PANCE member? You can gain instant access to this lecture as well as all the Smarty PANCE resources instantly by clicking here.

From today’s episode:

The Audio PANCE and PANRE Board Review Podcast Episode 84: Cardiac Pharmacology

I hope you enjoy this free audio component to the examination portion of this site. The full board review course includes over 2,000 interactive board review questions and is available to all members of the PANCE and PANRE Academy and Smarty PANCE.

If you can’t see the audio player click here to listen to the full episode.

Looking for all the podcast episodes?

This FREE podcast series is often limited to every other episode, you can download and enjoy the complete audio series by becoming a Smarty PANCE member.

Additional Resources

This Podcast is available on all platforms

Just search for “The Audio PANCE and PANRE” in your favorite podcasting program or use the following links.

Download The Content Blueprint Checklist

Follow this link to download your FREE copy of the PANCE Content Blueprint Checklist

Print it up and start crossing out the topics you understand, marking the ones you don’t, and making notes of key terms you should remember. The PDF version is interactive and linked directly to the individual lessons on Smarty PANCE.

2020 Interactive NCCPA PANCE Content Blueprint

Download for PANCE Download for PANRE

The post Cardiac Pharmacology Part One: The Audio PANCE and PANRE Episode 84 appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

]]>
Welcome to episode 84 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast Today we welcome back PA board review expert Joe Gilboy PA-C as he covers the exceptionally important topic of cardiac pharmacology. Welcome to episode 84 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast
Today we welcome back PA board review expert Joe Gilboy PA-C as he covers the exceptionally important topic of cardiac pharmacology.
Below you will find a downloadable audio version of this podcast as well as links to resources mentioned in today’s episode. Members of Smarty PANCE can sign in and listen to the second half of Joe’s lecture as well as part two of this high-yield cardiac pharmacology lecture series by clicking here.
Not a Smarty PANCE member? You can gain instant access to this lecture as well as all the Smarty PANCE resources instantly by clicking here.
From today’s episode:

* To listen to the second half of this lecture as well as cardiac pharmacology part 2 with Joe Gilboy sign in to Smarty PANCE then click here.
* Listen to Joe’s previous podcast episodes:

* How to Answer The Hardest PANCE and PANRE Test Questions Part 1
* How to Answer Tricky PANCE and PANRE Test Questions Part 2
* How to Study for Your PANCE
* Podcast Episode 65: Hepatitis B Breakdown


* Content Blueprint PANCE/PANRE Review Course and EOR (Rotation) Courses

The Audio PANCE and PANRE Board Review Podcast Episode 84: Cardiac Pharmacology
I hope you enjoy this free audio component to the examination portion of this site. The full board review course includes over 2,000 interactive board review questions and is available to all members of the PANCE and PANRE Academy and Smarty PANCE.

* You can download and listen to past FREE episodes here, on iTunes, Spotify, Google Play Music, Stitcher, or just search “The Audio PANCE and PANRE” in your favorite podcast listening app.

If you can’t see the audio player full 49:57 391
How to Answer Tricky PANCE and PANRE Test Questions Part 2: Podcast Episode 83 http://podcast.thepalife.com/how-to-answer-tricky-pance-and-panre-test-questions-part-2-podcast-episode-83/ Tue, 09 Jun 2020 18:43:12 +0000 http://podcast.thepalife.com/?p=385 In this second podcast of the series, Joe Gilboy PA-C discusses tips for answering tricky PANCE and PANRE test questions that make answering even the most difficult PANCE Board review questions a breeze

The post How to Answer Tricky PANCE and PANRE Test Questions Part 2: Podcast Episode 83 appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

]]> Welcome to episode 83 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast

Join me as we welcome Joe Gilboy PA-C back again to cover best practices that make answering even the toughest PANCE and PANRE Board review questions (and EOR exam questions) a breeze!

Below you will find interactive audio with clips covering the most important points. It’s a perfect companion to the podcast.

From today’s episode:

The Audio PANCE and PANRE Board Review Podcast Episode 83: How to Answer PANCE and PANRE Test Questions Part 2

I hope you enjoy this free audio component to the examination portion of this site. The full board review course includes over 2,000 interactive board review questions and is available to all members of the PANCE and PANRE Academy and Smarty PANCE.

If you can’t see the audio player click here to listen to the full episode.

Audio clips from today’s episode

Here are selected audio tips from today’s episode covering the most important points.

How to answer: “What is the most accurate test (what is the gold standard)?”

How to answer “What would you like to do next?” or “What is the next step?”

How to answer: “What’s the most likely answer/diagnosis – which one fits best?” (the simplest answer always wins)

In other words, if something carries 51% weight versus 49% weight, the 51% weight wins.

How to answer: “What is the most common etiology?”

How to answer: “What is second-line therapy?”

Looking for all the podcast episodes?

This FREE podcast series is often limited to every other episode, you can download and enjoy the complete audio series by becoming a Smarty PANCE member.

Additional Resources

This Podcast is also available on iOS and Android

  1. iTunes: The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast iTunes
  2. Stitcher Radio: The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast Stitcher
  3. Google Play: The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast Google Play

Download The Content Blueprint Checklist

Follow this link to download your FREE copy of the PANCE Content Blueprint Checklist

Print it up and start crossing out the topics you understand, marking the ones you don’t, and making notes of key terms you should remember. The PDF version is interactive and linked directly to the individual lessons on Smarty PANCE.

2020 Interactive NCCPA PANCE Content Blueprint

Download for PANCE Download for PANRE

The post How to Answer Tricky PANCE and PANRE Test Questions Part 2: Podcast Episode 83 appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

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In this second podcast of the series, Joe Gilboy PA-C discusses tips for answering tricky PANCE and PANRE test questions that make answering even the most difficult PANCE Board review questions a breeze Welcome to episode 83 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast
Join me as we welcome Joe Gilboy PA-C back again to cover best practices that make answering even the toughest PANCE and PANRE Board review questions (and EOR exam questions) a breeze!
Below you will find interactive audio with clips covering the most important points. It’s a perfect companion to the podcast.
From today’s episode:

* Listen to Joe’s previous podcast episodes:

* How to Answer The Hardest PANCE and PANRE Test Questions: Podcast Episode 82
* How to Study for Your PANCE: Podcast Episode 79
* Podcast Episode 65: Hepatitis B Breakdown


* Start with high-quality PANCE practice questions in tutor mode
* Content Blueprint PANCE/PANRE Review Course and EOR (Rotation) Courses

The Audio PANCE and PANRE Board Review Podcast Episode 83: How to Answer PANCE and PANRE Test Questions Part 2
I hope you enjoy this free audio component to the examination portion of this site. The full board review course includes over 2,000 interactive board review questions and is available to all members of the PANCE and PANRE Academy and Smarty PANCE.

* You can download and listen to past FREE episodes here, on iTunes, on Google Play Music or Stitcher Radio.
* You can listen to the latest episode, take an interactive quiz, and download more resources below.

If you can’t see the audio player click here to listen to the full episode.
Audio clips from today’s episode
Here are selected audio tips from today’s episode covering the most important points.
How to answer: “What is the most accurate test (what is the gold standard)?”
How to answer “What would you like to do next?” or “What is the next step?”
How to answer: “What’s the most likely answer/diagnosis – which one fits best?” (the simplest answer always wins)
In other words, if something carries 51% weight versus 49% weight, the 51% weight wins.
How to answer: “What is the most common eti...]]>
The Physician Assistant Life | Smarty PANCE full 22:49 385 How to Answer The Hardest PANCE/PANRE Test Questions: Podcast Episode 82 http://podcast.thepalife.com/how-to-answer-the-hardest-pance-panre-test-questions-podcast-episode-82/ Tue, 31 Mar 2020 19:32:48 +0000 http://podcast.thepalife.com/?p=378 In this podcast episode, Joe Gilboy PA-C discusses best practices for answering hard PANCE and PANRE test questions that make answering even the toughest NCCPA PANCE Board review questions a breeze

The post How to Answer The Hardest PANCE/PANRE Test Questions: Podcast Episode 82 appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

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How to Answer Hard PANCE and PANRE Test QuestionsWelcome to episode 82 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast

Join me as we welcome Joe Gilboy PA-C back again to cover best practices that make answering even the toughest PANCE and PANRE Board review questions (and EOR exam questions) a breeze!

Below you will find interactive audio breaking down each question. It’s a perfect companion to the podcast.

Special from today’s episode:

The Audio PANCE and PANRE Board Review Podcast Episode 82: How to Answer The Hardest PANCE/PANRE Test Questions

I hope you enjoy this free audio component to the examination portion of this site. The full board review course includes over 2,000 interactive board review questions and is available to all members of the PANCE and PANRE Academy and Smarty PANCE.

If you can’t see the audio player click here to listen to the full episode.

Questions we break down in this episode:

The following questions are linked to NCCPA Content Blueprint lessons from the Smarty PANCE and PANRE Board Review Website

Question 1: Developing good test-taking habits

1. 10-year-old boy presents to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset lightheadedness and chest discomfort, vital signs, 98.6, heart rate of 205, respiratory rate of 30 and 98% oxygen saturation, his EKG demonstrated sinus tachycardia with no p waves. What is the most likely diagnosis?

  1. A-fib
  2. A-flutter
  3. Atrioventricular reentry tachycardia
  4. V-tach

Steps to answering this question

Question 2: Choosing between two good answers

2. A 60-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease was sent to the emergency room from her primary care physician’s office for a heart rate of 40. She has no complaints, except for mild fatigue. Medications include metoprolol, atorvastatin, lisinopril, and baby aspirin. Her EKG reveals sinus bradycardia and her physical exam is normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step and management?

  1. Atropine
  2. Make a medication adjustment
  3. Schedule for a temporary pacemaker
  4. Watchful waiting

Steps to answering this question

Question 3: The long test question

3. A 32-year-old previously healthy man comes to ER with a four-hour history of palpitations. He denies chest pain, shortness of breath or history of similar palpitations. He does admit to heavy alcohol use in the past week drinking one pint of vodka and 24 packs of beer each day in the ED his vital signs of blood pressure 135/75, heart rate of 115, respiratory rate of 14, and oxygen saturation of 98% on room air. He’s got an irregularly irregular rhythm heard on auscultation and EKG shows atrial fibrillation. What is the next step in management?

  1. Chemical conversion
  2. Observation
  3. Rate control
  4. Synchronized cardioversion

Steps to answering this question:

Question 4: The short question with long answer choices

4. Which of the following patients should be classified as having unstable angina?

  1. A 51-year-old woman who has chest pain three days ago, but is now chest pain-free, is found to have a positive troponin with q waves in II, III, and aVF without ST-segment elevation
  2. A 55-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, but no prior cardiac disease who complains of one episode of chest pain that began while pushing her grocery cart and lasted 30 minutes
  3. A 65-year-old male with a known history of coronary artery disease who gets chest pain and shortness of breath every time he climbs the steps to his bedroom
  4. A 71-year-old man who underwent a coronary cardiac catheterization one month ago for early morning chest pain but shows minimal coronary artery disease with no fixed lesions presents with recurrent early morning chest pain that is relieved with nitroglycerin

Steps to answering this question:

Looking for all the podcast episodes?

This FREE podcast series is often limited to every other episode, you can download and enjoy the complete audio series by becoming a Smarty PANCE member.

Additional Resources

This Podcast is also available on iOS and Android

  1. iTunes: The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast iTunes
  2. Stitcher Radio: The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast Stitcher
  3. Google Play: The Audio PANCE and PANRE Podcast Google Play

itunes_logo-1

Download The Content Blueprint Checklist

Follow this link to download your FREE copy of the PANCE Content Blueprint Checklist

Print it up and start crossing out the topics you understand, marking the ones you don’t, and making notes of key terms you should remember. The PDF version is interactive and linked directly to the individual lessons on Smarty PANCE.

2020 Interactive NCCPA PANCE Content Blueprint

Download for PANCE Download for PANRE

The post How to Answer The Hardest PANCE/PANRE Test Questions: Podcast Episode 82 appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

]]>
In this podcast episode, Joe Gilboy PA-C discusses best practices for answering hard PANCE and PANRE test questions that make answering even the toughest NCCPA PANCE Board review questions a breeze Welcome to episode 82 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast
Join me as we welcome Joe Gilboy PA-C back again to cover best practices that make answering even the toughest PANCE and PANRE Board review questions (and EOR exam questions) a breeze!
Below you will find interactive audio breaking down each question. It’s a perfect companion to the podcast.
Special from today’s episode:

* Listen to Joe’s previous podcast episodes:

* How to Study for Your PANCE: Podcast Episode 79
* Podcast Episode 65: Hepatitis B Breakdown


* Start with high-quality questions in tutor mode (untimed with hints on we have a TON on Smarty PANCE)
* Poem “lockdown“ by Brother Richard Hendrick
* Content Blueprint Review Course and EOR Courses

The Audio PANCE and PANRE Board Review Podcast Episode 82: How to Answer The Hardest PANCE/PANRE Test Questions
I hope you enjoy this free audio component to the examination portion of this site. The full board review course includes over 2,000 interactive board review questions and is available to all members of the PANCE and PANRE Academy and Smarty PANCE.

* You can download and listen to past FREE episodes here, on iTunes, on Google Play Music or Stitcher Radio.
* You can listen to the latest episode, take an interactive quiz, and download more resources below.

If you can’t see the audio player click here to listen to the full episode.
Questions we break down in this episode:
The following questions are linked to NCCPA Content Blueprint lessons from the Smarty PANCE and PANRE Board Review Website
Question 1: Developing good test-taking habits
1. 10-year-old boy presents to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset lightheadedness and chest discomfort, vital signs, 98.6, heart rate of 205, respiratory rate of 30 and 98% oxygen saturation, his EKG demonstrated sinus tachycardia with no p waves. What is the most likely diagnosis?

* A-fib
* A-flutter
]]>
The Physician Assistant Life | Smarty PANCE full 27:50 378
How to Study for Your PANCE: Podcast Episode 79 http://podcast.thepalife.com/how-to-study-for-your-pance-podcast-episode-79/ Mon, 02 Mar 2020 21:41:53 +0000 http://podcast.thepalife.com/?p=367 Podcast Episode 79: How to Study for Your PANCE Welcome to episode 79 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast. In this episode 35-year PA veteran and PANCE/PANRE board review expert Joe Gilboy PA-C shares his top tips on how to best prepare for the Physician Assistant National Certification Exam Special Links […]

The post How to Study for Your PANCE: Podcast Episode 79 appeared first on The Audio PANCE and PANRE.

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Podcast Episode 79 How To Study For Your PANCE with Joe Gilboy PA-C

Podcast Episode 79: How to Study for Your PANCE

Welcome to episode 79 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast.

In this episode 35-year PA veteran and PANCE/PANRE board review expert Joe Gilboy PA-C shares his top tips on how to best prepare for the Physician Assistant National Certification Exam

Special Links From Today’s Episode:

The Audio PANCE and PANRE Physician Assistant Board Review Podcast

I hope you enjoy this free audio component to the examination portion of this site. The full board review includes over 2,000 interactive board review questions and is available to all members of Smarty PANCE.

Looking for all the podcast episodes?

This FREE series is limited to every other episode, you can download and enjoy the complete audio series by joining The PANCE and PANRE Exam Academy + SMARTYPANCE

I will be releasing new episodes every few weeks. Smarty PANCE is discounted, so sign up now.

Table of Contents and Key Points from this episode:

  1. Start Preparing One Year Before Your Exam Date
  2. Consider Forming a Study Group
  3. Print out the Blueprint
  4. Jot Down Quick Notes From Memory
  5. The Simple Answer Is Usually The Correct Answer
  6. In a 51/49 Split Choose The 51%
  7. Look For The Hook!
  8. Control Your X-Factors: I.E., Don’t Add Stress Where You Don’t Need It
  9. Practice Your Questions In Tutor Mode
  10. Correct Yourself in Real-Time
  11. Only Start Timing Yourself Towards The End
  12. Only Use High-Quality Questions
  13. Do 20-25 Questions Max Per Day
  14. The Best Textbooks for PANCE Prep
  15. The Best Websites for PANCE Prep
  16. Summary and Recommendations

Podcast Transcript and Timestamps

If you can’t see the audio player click here to listen to the full episode.

0:00

Welcome, PA, world. My name is Joe Gilboy, PA-C. I work with Stephen Pasquini with the smarty PANCE website.

Today’s podcast is going to be on how to prepare for the PANCE, which is a very big subject and a very important subject to a lot of you guys out there. So come on guys, let’s get this game roll, and let’s learn how to prepare for the PANCE.

0:33

Hello, PA podcast world. My name is Joe Gilbert. I’ve been a PA for about 35 years, with all my time being in the emergency room.

I’m a graduate of the Duke University PA program from 1984. I started helping students prepare for the PANCE and PANRE starting in 1990. So, as you can imagine, I’ve had a lot of students come through my hands. The answer is greater than 10,000. I’ve taught in several schools here in California I teach at several schools in Nevada. I also help in Tennessee. I help in Ohio, I help in Georgia, so I am around in a lot of different places, but for today, let’s get you ready to take the PANCE. So I know a lot of ways to get students prepared. So, let’s start.

1:14

So, today’s podcast is actually going to be on how to prepare for the PANCE. So before we get going into the very specifics, let’s look at so just come some basic guidelines as a student as you’re getting ready to take the PANCE. So, the first thing that we need to actually do is study! I now I know this sounds a little oxymoronic, but you’d be surprised how many students I’ve met along the way, do really well in PA school, you know, they do well in their grades they do well in their End of Rotation Exams, they feel like they don’t need to study. This couldn’t be farther from the truth.

1:44

Start Preparing One Year Before Your Exam Date

So usually what I tell most students to do is start preparing for this exam literally about a year before it comes. What you don’t understand and what’s coming is that when you get towards the end of your PA school, you’re going to be so burned out is just amazing how burned out you’ll be, and you’ll see that especially when you go out on rotations and come back for maybe your callback week, or maybe End of Rotation Exam or some kind of maybe specific lecture, and I can guarantee you on that first day back, when you’ve been gone on rotations, it’s like pulling teeth, you’re like, oh, I’m back in this room, again, that I’ve spent so much of my life, I don’t want to be here. And it’s like, your mind’s just not ready for it. So, what I tell my students to do, instead of trying to cram this all in at the end, play it out.

2:28

So basically, about a year before, start getting ready for this. So what I tell most people to do study. Now, one of the questions that commonly comes up is how much do I study? And at most, most people, I tell them, if you can get up to like maybe two hours or three hours a day, that’s great. Max is four. So you’ll see there’s a lot of studies out there that will show that if you take a human being and actually get them studying for more than about three hours, three and a half hours they do not retain and then things get a little frustrating. So two to three hours if you can, no more than four. And of course, you know, always give yourself a day off.

3:13

The other thing about studying is the worst place to study. Yeah, where are you going to study guys home? And so what you have to understand is that when you’re studying, you actually need stimulus free. So your cell phone is off. Now I know this is a big one for most of you young millennials out there; you’re going “what, I have to turn it off?” That’s right. Don’t worry; the world will keep revolving with the cell phone off. But one of the things they’ve done there’s a lot of studies out there showing that when a cell phone is on, literally 15% of your brain is waiting for that thing to go off. I need that 15% of the brain getting ready for the PANCE, and at the end of the day, guys, there’s no cell message or text messages that’s that important. They can always call 911. So again, just make sure your cell phone is off. This is a big thing to really keep in the back your head.

4:00

Consider Forming a Study Group

The other thing sometimes people like to work together and groups. Groups are great. Study groups work well; just the key thing to a study group is that as you’re in the group, you have to teach the other student, maybe about a subject. And you see when you’re a teacher, you have to know a subject twice, once for your own knowledge, but second to be able to present it that knowledge to another person. So study groups do work.

4:09

Print out the Blueprint

The other thing I tell people to do is print out the PANCE blueprint. It’s pretty extensive and pretty large if you’ve ever seen it, it’s a very large extensive blueprint. And what I tell people to do, so go the NCCPA website, print out the blueprint.

2020 Interactive NCCPA PANCE Content Blueprint

 

Download for PANCE Download for PANRE

4:33

Jot Down Quick Notes From Memory

Then what you do, it’s like, let’s say you get to your cardiovascular and let’s say it says mitral stenosis. So, what I tell my students to do is actually physically write down the word mitral stenosis, and then just jog down some quick notes about things that you memorize in school, and you’re like, I think I remember opening snap. I think I remember rheumatic fever. I think I remember somebody Jones, Jone’s criteria. Jones something, I remember and then stop. And then at that moment, what you do is you start reading up on other things about the Jones criteria. So, in other words, you write more notes to help you out and stuff like that. And this is one of the things that I tell a lot of students to do. Because believe it or not, when you write something down, you know, it’s twice, once for thought, second for motor. For example, just to show you how your brain works, and I know you did this in PA school, you wrote down a note, maybe like, on your one note on your computer, or maybe you wrote it down on a handout that you’re given. You took the test. There you were on the test going. What was it again? I wrote about Jone’s criteria? God, I can’t remember this question. I know I wrote it down somewhere, but I can’t remember. And as soon as the test is over, you walk outside, and you know exactly where it is on your notes. It is in the upper right-hand corner of circle than pink. Welcome to your Brain, you wrote it down once for thought and then second for motor. So when we do this, we actually locking it. I’m not saying that we need to write a dissertation on mitral stenosis, what I’m really saying to you is that just write down some quick notes and try to make this more kind of like thought friendly, like, hey, this is what I remember. And this is what makes sense. And then you read up on the Jones criteria like That’s right. Fevers, minor, even though I want to make it major and things like that. So that tends to work out really well with my students.

6:28

The Simple Answer Is Usually The Correct Answer

The other thing that we’re going to do, and I’ll try to help you guys out, is with the ambiguous questions. Who got into a test, you’re taking the test? And you were choosing between A and B. And you were like, I think it’s A I think it’s B thing? It’s A I think it’s B. And so, there was this ambiguous question, and you couldn’t figure out which was the right answer. So you felt like you’re in this what I call ambiguous 50/50 game. So when we play the ambiguous 50/50 game, there are a couple things you need to do. Just a little test-taking technique that works all the time. One, keep it simple. The simple answer is usually the correct answer one more time; the simple answer is usually the correct answer.

7:06

The Answer That Weighs Just a Little Bit More Than The Other is Your Answer (In a 51/49 Split Take the 51%)

If one answer outweighs the other, even if it’s to a 51/49 edge. In other words, 51% of the time is right here. 49% of the time, it’s right there. What do I take? The 51! So, it only takes 1% to push me over. So one more time. Keep it simple. And the one that weighs just a little bit more than the other? That’s your answer.

7:30

Look for the Hook!

Every now and then, what you’ll see is that student’s kind of miss like a little, like a little piece of the word up in the question. In other words, most likely, at least likely first line, second line. So again, as we go through test questions, we have to be really alert about all the various words they use. And remember at the end of the question is what I call the hook. So sometimes what students will do is they’ll read the last line of the question, so we’ll just say, you know, there’s a question, and it says, What’s the most likely treatment. So as you go to the question, you realize this is what it’s asking for is a treatment. So the whole time you read the question like, so what’s going to be the treatment for this patient? Maybe it’s a CHF, pneumonia, whatever it may be. So again, another test-taking technique that kind of works pretty well. Yeah, try saying that five times fast.

8:21

Control Your X-Factors: i.e., Don’t Add Stress Where You Don’t Need It

The other thing that I tell students to do, and hopefully this, this handout will also be up there on the smarty PANCE website on how to prepare the seven major points, which is what we’re going over is to control your x-factors. This is huge. Guys. If I had to put my 30 years of teaching students into a paragraph, oh, this is it. So when I say control your x-factors, what I’m saying to you is this is that as you get ready to take this PANCE, don’t change your emotional or social wellbeing at all. Now granted, you can’t prevent certain things from coming like a death in the family and illness, things like that. But don’t create chaos is what I always tell my students because PA school is chaotic enough; the last thing you need to do is create more chaos. So don’t try to change your relationships during PA school, just play them out. Don’t try to change your surroundings, don’t buy anything big. I mean, come on, guys, every single one of you guys is in debt. So, going out and buying a Tesla is not the smartest thing to do before the PANCE because now you’re kind of worried about how am I going to pay for this Tesla. And I always tell people, this is you know, in other words, don’t add stress to your life. This is what I’m really trying to get at. Try to make this as stress-free as possible.

9:34

Practice Your Questions in Tutor Mode

The last thing, the number seven-point that I’m always trying to make to my students, practice your questions in tutor mode. This is big. This is huge. And if all this thing in the podcast I hope remember is this point, you see guys; our brain is much more like a dog than you know. In other words, we need to be corrected in real-time. For example, there’s this world called neuroplasticity, just type it in enjoy the ride, guys. Okay, and it pretty much goes like this. you fire it, I wire it. That’s how your brain works. If you fire it, I’ll wire it. But if it’s fired the wrong way, you need to wire it the correct way, in real-time. For example, when your dog pees on the bed, what do you do? You scold him at that moment, but you don’t scold him three hours later. He’s like, going, what do you hit me for? I’m over here chewing my bone, and in other words, you have to correct them in real-time. As humans, we’re the same way.

10:30

Correct Yourself in Real-Time

We need to be corrected in real-time. And so, there’s a lot of studies that have come out here in the world of neuroplasticity and how our brain works like this. So, I kept telling my students to keep it in Tudor mode. Let’s say you get the question wrong. We’re back to mitral stenosis, and for whatever reason, you forget the left lateral decubitus position is the best way to listen to the murmur. So what you do is you stop at that moment. You read up on it, you correct yourself in real-time, and then you go back to the question again. So again, it’s correcting yourself in real-time. This is huge. You have no idea how big this is. But it’s always in Tudor mode

11:05

Only Start Timing Yourself Towards The End

Only towards the end, and I’m talking about the last month before you take the exam, you start timing yourself.

Only Use High-Quality Questions

The other thing to do high-quality questions, one more time, high-quality questions. One of the biggest mistakes students will make they’ll tell you like, yeah, I’m doing 150 questions today. Wrong. What you’re doing is you’re probably going through these questions so fast, you’re probably developing a lot of bad habits.

Do 20-25 Questions Max Per Day

So I tell students to do is 20-25 a day, Max, no, Max, but I want you to do them in a high-quality fashion. I want you to pick apart every single word on that question. I want you to go beyond the question. So they’re asking the question, you know, aortic stenosis. Like I got this. I know the left ventricular hypertrophy, I know It’s a split S2 to I want you to go past the answer. In other words, you got the answer. And you went through it nice and slow. You peeled it apart. It was ambiguous, and you chose 51 verses 49. Practice these good habits because come the day the test, these good habits will rear up and they will help you. Because one of the things I see all the time with my high-risk students, the ones that fail, it’s always the same story. They’re always telling me that they are doing anywhere between the one to 200 questions a day, and I’m like I need you to do 25 high-quality questions a day. In other words, practice good test habits. So when you get to the day of the test, this will help you out the most.

12:42

The Best Textbooks for PANCE Prep

So now, our next topic we’re going to talk about is what are the best textbooks to get ready for the PANCE. About five years ago, I went out and actually bought all the PANCE and PANRE review booklets. I’m a big fan. If I’m going to talk the talk, I’m going to walk the walk, and what I did is it went out to and took a look at all these booklets that you guys are being introduced to. And what I did is I came up with the list of the booklets that I thought was best. Let me frame this statement quite clearly. There is no great book one more time; there is no great book; you will be piecemealing this. They’re all good. Nobody’s great. Each one is good, but each one has its flaws. So there are a lot of good ones out there, but nobody’s Great. So what were the better booklets that I saw out there when I was kind of doing my little research on how to get ready for the PANCE? First, one I came by is the AAPA book. That’s a Comprehensive Review for the Certification and Recertification Examinations for Physician Assistants that you see. It’s good. It’s not great. Some of the information is pretty good, but as you read through it, it’s really hard to find the nugget. Go ahead, look up meningitis, and osteomyelitis. You’ll be spending minutes trying to find out what your most common cause, which IV anabolic do I use? Things like that. So it’s good. It’s not great. Then there’s the Physician Assistant Board Review: Certification and Recertification by James Van Rhee, which is also a good book, but it’s not great. The Davis PA Exam Review book is good. There’s a Kaplan medical PANCE review book that’s good. Lange has gotten really good. So Lange, if you go back in time, 10 years ago, Lange was definitely not the best book that out there. But they got new editors, and they’ve done much, much better and I can only tell you the book is very good and this is the one that’s the Lange Q&A Physician Assistant Examination, Seventh Edition by Rachel Carlson and Albert Simon. It’s gotten very, very good. So highly recommend that one as well.

Read my post: 

https://www.thepalife.com/the-4-best-pance-and-panre-study-guides-review-books/

15:16

PANCE PREP PEARLS

PANCE PREP PEARLS V3A - BEST PA SCHOOL REVIEW BOOKSSo let’s stop right here right now. I can guarantee you, if you’re listening to this podcast, you have this booklet. Make no mistake. It’s a great book, but it’s a reference book, not a study book. One more time, PANCE Prep Pearls. Wonderful reference book, not a good study book. If you don’t believe me, I know you already did this. What did you do? And I’m not begrudging anybody out there in the podcast world, but as students would you do? Okay, so let’s just say you had a GI test on a Monday, and you had a pulmonary test on Wednesday, and you had an ENT test on Friday. What do you do? You pulled out your PANCE Prep Pearls. You looked at the subjects or the objectives you had to do and you just brutally memorize the stuff, did you not you brutally memorize all the stuff at the pulmonary exam, the ENT exam, so you really memorized it off the reference book. Then what happened? I don’t know. By Friday afternoon, I could walk up to you and say, Hey, what is the first-line treatment of choice for pneumonia? Like I have no idea. I don’t even know where I parked. So in other words, you memorized it. It’s in it’s out. So again, it’s a great reference book, but not a good study book. If I had to paint, the student who is going to fail the boards. How would I paint on this one? I know I have your attention now. So who are my high-risk students? Oh, let me tell you what they all have in common. One. They live off a PANCE Prep Pearls. No, that’s the only book they have. They live off a Rosh review. That’s the only database and questions they use, period. And then what ends up happening to them because they had all the stuff memorized. They get a concept question. Some type of concept question shows up, and oh my god, they’re flat-footed. They have no idea which way to go. Because you see if it doesn’t show up as a trigger word of something they memorize and PANCE Prep Pearls. They’re done. And we’ll get to talk about Rosh in a second here about why I think Rosh is good, but again, it’s not great. So again, PANCE Prep Pearls is a wonderful, wonderful reference book. I think it’s great. It’s wonderful. I think Dwayne Williams did a wonderful job on this. But to use it specifically to study for the PANCE. Oh no, not at all. You’re going to get yourself lost.

Cost: $34.70 on Amazon – Version 3 is now divided into two books: part A / part B

17:00

The Best Websites for PANCE Review (PA Easy, Kaplan, Rosh)

When it comes to the website question. There are some database questions out there that are pretty good, and again, I went out there bought them all and there are some good ones some of them can get pretty pricey there’s no doubt about they can get pretty expensive.

PA Easy

So the first one I came across was PA Easy. I like PA Easy; it is quite good on the databank questions with the Lange references was really good, and again, you can put it in tutor mode. And again, I really enjoyed that a lot.

www.paexamprep.com

Kaplan

Kaplan is good, alright, so let’s stop right here. I love Kaplan Don’t get me wrong, but Kaplan, you know, I will say with Kaplan, take it with a grain of salt. Do you ever see some of those questions on Kaplan? They are hard so if you score above 60% or Kaplan, you’re doing great. And I know as students that suddenly you take some you know, cardiovascular exam, you score 62% and you swear that you’re going to you know, not pass the PANCE. That’s not true. Kaplan is a very, very difficult exam bank, but again, just take it with a grain of salt and just understand that some of these questions can be very tough.

www.kaptest.com

Rosh Review

If you’re listening to this podcast, I’d say about 80% of you guys use Rosh Review. Rosh is good, but it’s not great. Let me explain to you why. Who out there in podcast world took a question on Rosh Review, you swore you got it, right? You’re like I know this, this is what I learned in school. And then you went to Rosh Review, and they said no. And then if you look to the right, there is this thing called peer comparison, and you’re gonna find out that wait a second 70% that people got the question wrong. So as a teacher, just let you know that peer comparison over there. So when you do peer comparison, one of the things you should do if you’re a good teacher, your test question should sit around 70/30. This is really what’s called the discretion of a question in the education world. In other words, if a question is presented correctly, 70% of your class should get it right, 30% should get it wrong. That’s pretty much the ballpark. That’s the sweet spot anything hire is obviously good, but anything lower, ends up being a context problem. So when you get below 70%, getting it right. This is context. This isn’t a knowledge base issue with the students. This is a context of the question and otherwise, the question is worded poorly or incorrectly? Who on Rosh, if you have seen peer comparisons below 70/30? Yeah, you’re all shaking your head. Aren’t you going? Yeah, I’ve seen it all the time, Joe. Exactly. That’s my whole point. The other problem with Rosh, some of those questions aren’t even on the blueprint. That’s right. Look it up. You’ll see some of these questions going, who’s this disease? And it’s not even on your blueprint? So again, it’s like, I always tell people stick to the blueprint. This is what you’re going to be held accountable for. You’re not going to be held accountable for some, you know, chemo drug from breast cancer and some crazy side effects. But knowing the breast guidelines and what kind of cell type breast cancer is. Yes, that will be there. But not this other craziness that sometimes you’ll see on Rosh. So again, Rosh, it’s good. It’s not great. Of course, I’m going to push out my personal bias, Smarty PANCE. I think it’s a great website.

www.roshreview.com

20:03

Smarty PANCE

It’s just a treasure trove of information that takes a while to get through, but it’s a treasure trove of information. Wonderful website. And it follows the blueprint. So what I tell people to do is open up your smarty PANCE. There’s your blueprint, right, so let’s just say we’re back to aortic stenosis or mitral stenosis. So there it is, on the smarty PANCE blueprint there it is, you’re like, Okay, I gotta know, mitral stenosis. You open it up there’s an opening snap. Maybe you use another reference to study, and maybe you use the Merck manual? Maybe you’re using Lang, but in other words, you’re using other references to pull this all together? I keep trying to tell you guys; this is piecemeal, nobody’s great. Everybody’s good. So now, with all the information that you have, what would I recommend? Oh, this is what I would tell people to do.

www.smartypance.com

Putting it all together

20:50

One, start studying a year before, keep the stress out of your life. What I’d start doing is start studying. Yes, I would buy smarty PANCE ASAP use the blueprint; there’s my blueprint. This is the information I will be held accountable for, then I’m I looked at other references about maybe a or cynicism or look at PANCE pro tips. Maybe here’s some stuff that I forgot that and maybe I’ll read up on Merck manual or maybe I’ll read up on Lang and I’m going to do my questions how tutor mode? Because what do I need to correct myself in real-time? And that’s exactly what you need to do. So again, tutor mode, correct myself from real-time have all these references, my cell phone is off. I got no stress in my life. And I’m starting to go at it. That’s how you do it guys. That’s the secret sauce. That’s how it goes about. You see, where people go wrong, is they start not studying till the very end, they start memorizing things. They start doing things in test mode, not tutor mode. They’re doing 100 questions a day, not high-quality questions. But if we could just do high-quality questions, start them out a year before, it’s in tutor mode. I got smarty PANCE up and on one side, I’m looking at my blueprint. I got her other resources. Maybe I’m going to spend the afternoon on aortic stenosis. That’s all I’m doing. Sounds good to me. And then the next day, maybe another murmur and start trying to make sense of it all. Not memorize, because you see guys, just as my last little parting comment to you see, guys, the reason the board scores have dropped, and they have nationwide, and for some of these schools, they have dropped like a rock.

22:40

What happened? Well, what they did is a couple of things. One, they took away the buzzwords. So all these little buzzwords that you were used to writing, you know, you know, frothy green discharge, you know, purulent those kinds of things, right? They’re all gone. And now what they did is they made some of these questions, kind of concept questions. Do you know the concept of this issue and that is what I’m really trying to get at and see if you see something and you’ve got a big broad look at it? Now you understand the concept. You didn’t memorize it off PANCE Prep Pearls. You kept to the blueprint. You didn’t go way off base on some crazy Rosh Review that had nothing to do with the blueprint. And you stuck to it. You stick to that and I guarantee you you’re going to do great guys. So in the end of the day, high-quality questions, tutor mode, stick to the blueprint. Keep the stress out of my life. You do that guys, nine times out of 10 you’re going to end up in a very very good area guys. You really will.

So I hope this helps you guys out there in the podcast world. It was really great talking to everybody and I will be talking to you guys real soon. Take care.

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Podcast Episode 79: How to Study for Your PANCE Welcome to episode 79 of the Audio PANCE and PANRE PA Board Review Podcast. In this episode 35-year PA veteran and PANCE/PANRE board review expert Joe Gilboy PA-C shares his top tips on how to best prepar... In this episode 35-year PA veteran and PANCE/PANRE board review expert Joe Gilboy PA-C shares his top tips on how to best prepare for the Physician Assistant National Certification Exam The Physician Assistant Life | Smarty PANCE full clean 40:54 367