The Audio PANCE and PANRE Board Review Podcast Episode 13

The Audio PANCE and PANRE is an audio board review series that includes 10 Multiple Choice PANCE and PANRE Board Review Questions in each episode.

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Questions 1-10

The Audio PANCE and PANRE Episode 13

1. During a baseball game, a 22 year-old college student is hit in the right eye by a baseball. He complains of blurry vision in that eye. On physical exam, the physician assistant notes proptosis of the right eye, and limitation of movement in all directions. On CT scan, which of the following is most likely to be seen?

A. Fracture of the medial orbital wall
B. Prolapse of orbital soft tissue
C. Hematoma of the orbit
D. Orbital emphysema

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C. Hematoma of the orbit – Orbital hemorrhage into the space surrounding the globe following blunt trauma and rupture of the orbital vessels results in increased ocular pressure, proptosis, visual loss, and limitation of movement in all directions. CT reveals a hematoma.

2. Which of the following physical findings is suggestive of atrial septal defect?

A. Fixed split S2
B. Increased pulse pressure
C. Continuous mechanical murmur
D. Difference in blood pressure between the left and right arm

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A. Fixed split S2 – An atrial septal defect will cause a shunt of blood from the left to the right atrium. This will result in an equalization in the amount of blood entering both the left and right ventricles which effectively eliminates the normally wide splitting that inspiration typically causes in hearts without an atrial septal defect.

3. Which of the following is essential to make a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?

A. Positive family history
B. Elevated sweat chloride
C. Recurrent respiratory infections
D. Elevated trypsinogen levels

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B. Elevated sweat chloride – The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is made only after an elevated sweat chloride test or demonstration of a genotype consistent with cystic fibrosis.

4. In infants, the eyes should move in parallel without deviation by the age of

A. 2 weeks.
B. 3 months.
C. 6 months.
D. 1 year.

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C. 6 months – Intermittent alternating convergent strabismus is frequently noted for the first 6 months of life, but referral is indicated if it persists beyond 6 months.

5. Which of the following physical exam findings is consistent with moderate emphysema?

A. Increased tactile fremitus
B. Dullness to percussion
C. Distant heart sounds
D. Deviated trachea

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C. Distant heart sounds – Distant heart sounds are common in emphysema patients due to hyperinflation of the lungs.

6. Which of the following is the most common indication for operative intervention in patients with chronic pancreatitis?

A. Weight loss
B. Intractable pain
C. Exocrine deficiency
D. To decrease risk of cancer

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B. Intractable pain – Indications for surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis include severe pain that limits the patient’s functioning or intractable pain despite the use of non-narcotic analgesics and absence of alcohol intake.

7. A 22 year old male presents to the ED with pain that radiates to his shoulders and is relieved with sitting forward. The patient admits to recent upper respiratory symptoms. On examination vital signs are BP 126/68, HR 86, RR 20, temp 100.3 degrees F. There is no JVD noted. Heart exam reveals regular rate and rhythm with no S3 or S4. There is a friction rub noted. Lungs are clear to auscultation. EKG shows diffuse ST segment elevation. What is the treatment of choice in this patient?

A. Pericardiocentesis
B. Nitroglycerin
C. Percutaneous coronary intervention
D. Indomethacin (Indocin)

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D. Indomethacin (Indocin) – Indomethacin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, is the treatment of choice in a patient with acute pericarditis.

8. As a general rule, sutures in the face should be removed in

A. 3 days.
B. 5 days.
C. 7 days.
D. 10 days.

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B. 5 days – Sutures of the face should be removed in 5 days in order to allow for adequate healing and to limit the amount of scarring.

9. Patient education for a 23 year-old using oral contraceptives should include which of the following?

A. Rifampin may decrease the effectiveness of the oral contraceptives.
B. Acetaminophen may decrease the effectiveness of the oral contraceptives.
C. Oral contraceptives may provide some protection from coronary artery disease.
D. Changing to the “minipill” (progestin only) will inhibit ovulation more consistently than combination oral contraceptives.

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A. Rifampin may interfere with the efficacy of the oral contraceptives.

10. When performing a rectal examination, prostatic massage is contraindicated in

A. acute bacterial prostatitis.
B. chronic bacterial prostatitis.
C. nonbacterial prostatitis.
D. prostatodynia.

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A. Acute bacterial prostatitis – Vigorous manipulation of the prostate during rectal examination may result in septicemia. This is contraindicated in the presence of fever, irritative voiding symptoms, and perineal/sacral pain.